Aga Khan I.
Aga Khan I. ( Persian آغا خان اوّل Āghā Chān-e Awwal orآقا خان اوّل Āqā Chān-e Awwal , b. around 1800 in Kahak , Iran ; died 1881 in Bombay , British India , today India ) was the title of Hasan Ali Shah (حسن علی شاه Ḥasan 'Alī Shāh ). He was governor of Qom and Kerman , but above all the 46th imam of the Ismaili Nizarites .
Life
In Iran
Hasan Ali Shah was born around 1800 in Kahak in the Iranian province of Qom as the son of Shah Chalil Allah III. (1740-1817) born. His mother Bibi Sarkara was the daughter of a poet and Nematollahi Sufi. In order to be closer to his supporters in India, his father in 1815 moved to Yazd and fell there in 1817 an attack of a fanatical clergy of Twelver victim, who for this act of Qajar Rulers Fath Ali was punished. He enlarged Hasan Ali Shah's land holdings in the region of Mahallat, gave him his daughter Sarv-i Dschahan Chanum as his wife, appointed him governor of Qom and bestowed on him the honorary title of Aga Khan , which was inherited by his descendants. The mother of the first Aga Khan later moved to India, where she died in 1851. Until the death of Fath Ali in 1834, the Aga Khan enjoyed a quiet life at the Qajar court.
After Mohammed Shah succeeded his grandfather Fath Ali on the Qajar throne, Hasan Ali Shah was appointed governor of Kerman. Although he was able to suppress uprisings in Bam and Narmashir and reported the success to Tehran , he was dismissed as governor in 1837 and replaced by Firuz Mirza Nusrat ad-Daula (1818–1886), a younger brother of the Shah. However, he refused to accept his release and withdrew with his troops to the citadel of Bam, where he was besieged for about 14 months. After consulting the incumbent governor, he surrendered and left the citadel, whereupon he and his followers were sent to Kerman and remained imprisoned there for eight months. Finally, he received an audience with the Shah in Tehran, who sent him to Mahallat, where he lived for about two years. In the spring of 1841 he gathered troops to take Kerman, but fled from outnumbered government forces to Kandahar , Afghanistan .
Via Afghanistan to India
Kandahar had been conquered by the British two years earlier in the First Anglo-Afghan War , with whom Hasan Ali Shah established friendly relations. Upon arriving in Afghanistan, he informed William Macnaghten of his plans to conquer and rule Herat on behalf of the British . However, these projects were thwarted by the uprising of Mohammed Akbar , who defeated the British at the Battle of Gandamak .
Hasan Ali Shah moved on to Sindh Province , supported General Charles James Napier in the fight against the border tribes in the British conquest of the region and received an annual allowance of £ 2,000 from him .
In October 1844 he left Sindh and reached Bombay via Kachchh and Kathiawar in February 1846. With the exception of a stay of several months in Calcutta 1847–1848 , he spent the rest of his life here, as the Persian court forbade him to return to Iran. In the British Crown Colony he was able to continue his close ties with the colonial rulers and received a visit from the Prince of Wales, who later became King Edward VII.
In the multi-year Aga Khan trial at the Bombay Supreme Court , the rights and titles of the Aga Khan were confirmed by the judgment of November 12, 1866. As the spiritual head of the Ismaili Nizarites, his influence extended over India, Afghanistan, Khorasan , Persia, Arabia and Central Asia to Syria and Morocco.
In the tradition of the Persian nobility, from which Hasan Ali Shah descended, he worked as a breeder of race horses . He was a frequent guest at horse races in Bombay and bequeathed some of the world's most beautiful Arabian horses to his successor . He died in April 1881 and was buried in a specially built shrine in Hasanabad in the Mazagaon district of Bombay. He left three sons and five daughters. His successor as Imam was his eldest son Aqa Ali Shah, who was made Aga Khan II .
literature
- Farhad Daftary : The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines. Cambridge University Press, 1992, ISBN 978-0-521-42974-0 .
- Farhad Daftary: A Modern History of the Ismailis. Continuity and Change in a Muslim Community. IB Tauris, London 2011, ISBN 978-1-84511-717-7 .
- Aga Khan I . In: Encyclopædia Britannica . 11th edition. tape 1 : A-Androphagi . London 1910, p. 362 (English, full text [ Wikisource ]).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Some sources give 1804 as the year of birth.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Aga Khan I. |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Hasan Ali Shah; آغا خان اوّل (Persian); آقا خان اوّل (Persian); حسن علی شاه (Persian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Governor of Qom and Kerman, Imam of the Ismaili Nizarites |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1800 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Kahak , Iran |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1881 |
| Place of death | Bombay , British India, now India |