AirDrop
| AirDrop
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|---|---|
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| Basic data
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| developer | Apple |
| Publishing year | July 20, 2011 |
| operating system | macOS and iOS |
| category | Ad hoc service |
| License | proprietary license |
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iOS 7 features
OS X Lion - Features ( Memento from June 30, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) |
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AirDrop is a Wi-Fi - ad hoc service , which the US company Apple Inc. has been developed.
function
The service enables files to be exchanged between macOS or iOS devices without external LAN or Wi-Fi connections. This was implemented for the first time in version 10.7 “Lion” of the Apple operating system macOS. With iOS 7 , AirDrop is also available on iOS devices. Since OS X Yosemite and iOS 8 , AirDrop also works between Macs and mobile devices. The configuration and the connection between the devices is automatic, so the user does not need to make any further settings.
According to the manufacturer, AirDrop should detect other devices with activated AirDrop within a radius of about nine meters. At distances of around one meter, AirDrop reaches a speed of 12–15 megabytes per second, but this decreases rapidly with greater distance . A test by the online magazine Golem measured an average data rate of 3.7 MB / s at a distance of two meters. The maximum theoretical transfer rate is 18 MB / s.
macOS
It is controlled in the file browser Finder . AirDrop between Mac computers is compatible with the following models from OS X Lion (10.7):
| Surname | equipment | Exceptions |
|---|---|---|
| MacBook | from the end of 2008 | except for the white MacBook 2008 |
| MacBook Pro | from the end of 2008 | except for the 17 ″ model 2008 |
| MacBook Air | from the end of 2010 | |
| iMac | from the beginning of 2009 | |
| Mac mini | from mid-2010 | |
| Mac Pro | from mid-2010 | with AirPort card from early 2009 |
Airdrop between Mac computers and iOS devices requires a model from 2012 with OS X Yosemite (10.10) on the computer side. It is also possible to activate the AirDrop service on Hackintosh computers (devices that do not come from Apple but have OS X installed) with a suitable WLAN card using a command line command in the terminal .
iOS
With the presentation of iOS 7 at WWDC in June 2013, it is known that AirDrop will also be possible on iPhones, iPads and iPod touches. The control takes place via the newly integrated control center in the operating system. Files can be exchanged via the Share menu. An iCloud account is required to share content with the address book contacts via AirDrop .
AirDrop is available on the following iOS 7 devices:
| Surname | equipment | implementation |
|---|---|---|
| iPhone | from the end of 2012 | from iPhone 5 |
| iPod touch | from the end of 2012 | from 5th generation |
| iPad | from the end of 2012 | from 4th generation |
| iPad mini | from the end of 2012 | from 1st generation |
| iPad Pro | from the end of 2015 | from 1st generation |
AirDrop is not possible on older iOS devices compatible with iOS 7 (e.g. the iPhone 4 ) due to the lack of a 5 GHz WLAN standard, which is necessary for Wi-Fi Direct . On the 3rd generation iPad, AirDrop would be technically possible, but it was deliberately deactivated by Apple. It can be activated with third-party programs from the Cydia store.
Differentiation from other technologies
AirDrop uses Apple Wireless Direct Link (AWDL) as a proprietary WLAN protocol for data transmission. AWDL offers functionality similar to Wi-Fi Direct .
Compared to typical Wi-Fi Direct implementations, AirDrop differs in three points from the user's point of view:
- With AirDrop, not only WLAN, but also Bluetooth is used as the transmission protocol. Before the actual WLAN connection, the immediate neighboring devices are recognized in the selection menu via Bluetooth - this fact is due to the lower energy consumption compared to WLAN, as the AirDrop's readiness to receive can also be activated in the background.
- The neighboring devices, with which you can connect, are not displayed via freely selectable device names, but via the profile photo of the currently logged in user on the respective device.
- The connection to the shared ad-hoc network takes place without manual password entry. Both sender and recipient must confirm each transfer.
Security analysis
For a security analysis, AirDrop and AWDL were recreated and the open source source code was published as OpenDrop and Open Wireless Link (OWL) on GitHub.
Similar approaches
With Fast Share , Google is developing a similar service for Android devices as the successor to Android Beam (based on NFC).
Cyber flashing
The inadvertent sending of data via AirDrop was dubbed “cyber flashing” by the English press after an incident in summer 2015. At that time, a woman on a passenger train had received suggestive pictures on her smartphone that had been sent to her by a fellow passenger.
Apple responded with an option to only accept contacts stored in the address book if necessary.
Web links
- Apple iOS 7 Features
- Description of "Apple". Archived from the original on June 30, 2011 ; Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
- Unofficial manual (English) on OS X Daily. Retrieved December 27, 2012 .
- shoutr - alternative for Android. Retrieved October 15, 2013 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Finally, AirDrop Works Between iOS And Mac. Retrieved June 5, 2014 .
- ↑ a b Using AirDrop with Mac OS X Lion, Mountain Lion or Mavericks. Retrieved January 27, 2015 .
- ↑ a b Golem: Easy Networking with Airdrop , accessed January 27, 2015
- ↑ Mac Basics: Using AirDrop to send files from your Mac to nearby Mac computers and iOS devices. Retrieved January 27, 2015 .
- ↑ OSX Daily: Enable AirDrop Over Ethernet & AirDrop On Unsupported Macs Running OS X , accessed January 27, 2015
- ↑ Apple Support: Use AirDrop to wirelessly share content , accessed January 27, 2015
- ↑ Badritek: Enable AirDrop On iPhone 4, 4S With AirDrop Enabler iOS 7.0+ Cydia Tweak [Updated ( Memento of the original from February 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ], accessed on Jan 27. 2015
- ↑ YouTube - AirDrop Enabler , accessed January 15, 2014
- ↑ Milan Stute, Sashank Narain, Alex Mariotto, Alexander Heinrich, David Kreitschmann, Guevara Noubir and Matthias Hollick: A Billion Open Interfaces for Eve and Mallory: MitM, DoS, and Tracking Attacks on iOS and macOS Through Apple Wireless Direct Link . In: 28th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security '19) . August 2019.
- ↑ Ben Schwan: File theft and more: Problematic loopholes in Apple's AirDrop technology. In: Mac & i. May 17, 2019, accessed May 19, 2019 .
- ↑ Milan Stute and Alexander Heinrich: OpenDrop: An open Apple AirDrop implementation written in Python . GitHub. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
- ↑ Milan mare: OWL: An open Apple Wireless Direct Link (AWDL) implementation written in C . GitHub. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
- ↑ Brian Rotter: Competition for Airdrop: Google's answer is Fast Share . t3n.de. July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
- ↑ Dylan Roussel: Google working on 'Fast Share,' Android Beam replacement and AirDrop competitor ( en ) 9to5google.com. June 29, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
- ↑ Michael Moorstedt: "Surprising penis pictures from the person sitting next to you" Süddeutsche Zeitung from June 20, 2016
