iPhone

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IPhone Logo 2016.svg
iPhone logo
IPhone 11 Pro Max Midnight Green.svg
Front of the current iPhone 11 Pro in midnight green

iPhone [ ˈa͡ɪfo͡ʊn ] is a smartphone model series launched in 2007 by the US company Apple with the smartphone of the same name . So far, a total of 25 different models (including Plus and Max models) have been presented; the latest currently available models appeared on September 20, 2019 - the iPhone 11 , as well as the iPhone 11 Pro and the iPhone 11 Pro Max . On March 21, 2016, the latest currently available 4-inch model was added in the form of the first generation of the iPhone SE . On April 24, 2020, the 2nd generation iPhone SE was released with a 4.7-inch Retina HD display.

Chronological listing of all iPhone models: iPhone , iPhone 3G , iPhone 3GS , iPhone 4 , iPhone 4S , iPhone 5 , iPhone 5c , iPhone 5s , iPhone 6 , iPhone 6 Plus , iPhone 6s , iPhone 6s Plus , iPhone SE (1st generation ) , iPhone 7 , iPhone 7 Plus , iPhone 8 , iPhone 8 Plus , iPhone X , iPhone XR , iPhone XS and XS Max , iPhone 11 , iPhone 11 Pro and 11 Pro Max , iPhone SE (2nd generation)

All iPhone models use Apple's own iOS operating system , with which the functions of a mobile phone can be used in the pre-installed applications (“apps”) . The rest of the preinstalled apps largely correspond to the programs preinstalled in Apple's macOS operating system , but they have been adapted accordingly for use on a smartphone. These include, for example, Apple's primary web browser Safari and Apple 's email application Mail . Furthermore , more than 1.52 million applications are available for download in Apple's central mobile sales platform, the App Store .

The operating concept of the iPhone with its extensive control via the multi-touch screen and the associated ease of use is considered to be decisive for the success of the iPhone. It also had and still has a significant influence on the design of smartphones from other manufacturers. The US news magazine Time voted the iPhone "Invention of the Year 2007". On the other hand, the poor working conditions in the production and extraction of raw materials required for the iPhone and legal disputes during the marketing were unanimously assessed in the media. Around 250 million iPhone devices had been sold worldwide by 2012. In 2014 there were around 516 million devices. On July 27, 2016, the iPhone series cracked the one billion units sold. Over 1.2 billion iPhone models were sold by 2017. By November 1, 2018, a total of more than 2.2 billion devices had been sold.

history

prehistory

In an interview, Steve Jobs , then Apple CEO , said that he had the idea of ​​developing a multi-touch screen as early as the early 2000s that could be typed on like a keyboard . This screen was originally intended for a tablet , but Jobs decided a phone should be built first. In 2004 the development of the later iPhone began under the code name "Project Purple"; Apple's internal program for flashing iPhones and iPhone prototypes is therefore called Purple Restore , and the program for setting up the iPhone has been called Purple Buddy since iOS 5 . During development, the project itself was kept secret from many Apple employees, and a user interface called SkankPhone was even developed so that the actual interface called SpringBoard would not have to be shown to all employees at Project Purple . A few names were discussed for the final name of the smartphone. So it could have been TelePod, a suitcase word with the two terms telephone and iPod , or Mobi, the short form of mobile. In addition, the proposal TriPod was under discussion, which should describe the three main functions of the cell phone (iPod, telephone and Internet). Another name idea was iPad, which was then used for the Apple tablet from 2010 .

According to Steve Jobs, more than 300 patents and designs were registered during the development of the iPhone , including the multi-touch function and the unlocking technology slide to unlock ( swipe to unlock).

In September 2005 Steve Jobs presented the Motorola ROKR E1 , which was the first mobile phone to be synchronized with Apple's iTunes media software . Shortly afterwards, however, it was leaked that he was dissatisfied with the ROKR because, as a third-party product, it did not fit into the design line of the Apple product range. This assessment was confirmed by Apple in September 2006 when iTunes withdrew ROKR support . Instead, another iTunes update was released with support for a still unknown mobile phone, which should obviously be able to play not only audio but also video and image files. This led to speculation in various media about an Apple mobile phone to be expected, which became more and more specific by the end of 2006.

idea

Steve Jobs presents the iPhone 4
IPhone shoppers waiting outside an AT&T store in New York City on June 29, 2007

Finally, the first iPhone generation (also called: iPhone Classic, iPhone 2G) was presented on January 9, 2007 at the Macworld Conference & Expo in San Francisco . Steve Jobs praised the easy-to-use yet functional user interface . Since the virtual software keyboard is only displayed when required, there is more space for content on the screen.

In early June 2007, sales in the United States were announced on June 29th through the broadcast of a television commercial. For the time being, the devices were only available in Apple stores and AT&T points of sale . The device was offered in Europe from November 9, 2007. At that time, sales in Germany began exclusively through today's Telekom at a price of 399 euros, coupled with a SIM lock limited to the Telekom network , in return, Telekom Apple shared in the monthly sales.

Sales of the next generation , the iPhone 3G , started on July 11, 2008 in parallel in 21 countries, including Germany , Austria and Switzerland . The second generation of devices was presented on June 9, 2008 at WWDC 2008 . New features included support for new cellular standards and the black plastic back.

The third generation of the iPhone , the iPhone 3GS , was introduced about a year later, on June 8, 2009. The main innovations were the better camera, the digital compass and the faster processor . The design of the device remained unchanged except for the lettering on the back. Sales in Germany started on June 19th. The S in the model name stands for speed .

With the release of the iPhone 4 , the iPhone series achieved its greatest popularity to date - after its presentation at WWDC on June 7, 2010, according to Apple, the smartphone went over the counter 1.7 million times on the first three sales days. The appearance has been completely changed, the front and back are made of flat glass. The high-resolution Retina display and a front camera for video calls are also new . The iPhone 4 came under criticism because of its reception problems, which occurred when the case was held too tightly.

The iPhone 4s was launched on October 4th, 2011, the day before Steve Jobs passed away. It was launched on October 14, 2011. The Siri voice recognition assistant , which is available for the first time in this device , was particularly new . The design of the device differs only slightly from its predecessor. The S in the model name stands for Siri.

The iPhone 5 was introduced on September 12, 2012. The screen has been enlarged, but it is thinner and lighter than its predecessor. Apple's A6 chip is used as the SoC .

The iPhone 5s was introduced on September 10, 2013 and launched on September 20. With almost the same design as the predecessor iPhone 5, it offers the faster A7 chip and innovations in the camera system ( TrueTone flash , larger lens , SlowMotion mode ). The main focus of this version is a fingerprint scanner ( Touch ID ) integrated in the home button and the new gold color .

At the same time as the iPhone 5s, Apple introduced a second iPhone model, the iPhone 5c . With almost identical hardware as the iPhone 5, it has a simpler design and, like the older iPhone 3G, has a plastic back in different colors.

The iPhone 6 was presented on September 9, 2014 in two versions with a 4.7 inch (iPhone 6) and 5.5 inch ( iPhone 6 Plus ) display size. In addition to larger displays, there are some detailed improvements to the camera and an integrated barometer for recording the altitude, which works more precisely and independently of GPS reception. For the first time, an NFC module was installed for the exclusive use of Apple Pay .

On September 9, 2015, exactly one year after the iPhone 6, the successor, the iPhone 6s , was presented. Together with him, a 5.5-inch version called the iPhone 6s Plus was announced again. It has a pressure-sensitive display called 3D Touch and supports the latest Bluetooth 4.2 standard . The processor in the Apple A9 - SoC to up to 70% faster and more integrated graphics unit to be faster by up to 80% than the previous generation, according to Apple. The cameras have been improved on both sides with higher resolutions, with the iSight camera on the back also being able to record 4K videos . The Touch ID home button should now recognize the fingerprint more quickly. The design was largely adopted from the iPhone 6, with minor differences being an S logo on the back and the new rose gold color variant .

On March 21, 2016, Apple presented the 4-inch iPhone SE , which has similar technical specifications to the iPhone 6s in terms of dimensions and design as the iPhone 5s.

The iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus were introduced on September 7, 2016. The design remained largely identical to the previous iPhone 6s; By dispensing with a headphone output, the housing is now splash-proof. The camera has an optical image stabilization; With an additional telephoto lens camera with 2x zoom function, the larger iPhone 7 Plus enables a bokeh effect. To improve the battery life, the quad-core processor A10 Fusion has two cores for high-performance tasks and two for high efficiency.

That: On Sept. 12, 2017 new devices were introduced by Apple three iPhone 8 , the iPhone 8 Plus and the iPhone X . All three devices have a SoC, which Apple calls the A11 Bionic Chip ; like the iPhone 4 and 4s, all three devices have a glass back. The rear camera of the devices can record videos with a resolution of 4K and a refresh rate of up to 60 Hz. The third device, unlike its predecessor, has a screen that covers the entire front without any border. For the first time, Apple did without the home button. The Touch ID fingerprint sensor has been replaced by Face ID facial recognition . Sales started on November 3, 2017.

On September 12, 2018, Apple presented three new devices: the iPhone XR , the iPhone XS and the iPhone XS Max. All three devices are equipped with the new processor, Apple A12 Bionic . In contrast to its predecessor, the iPhone X, there were no visual changes to the iPhone XS. The iPhone XR is the cheapest of the three new models. It is weaker, has no dual camera and has an LCD .

  • iPhone

  • iPhone 3G / 3GS

  • iPhone 4

  • iPhone 4s

  • iPhone 5

  • iPhone 5c

  • iPhone 5s

  • iPhone 6

  • iPhone 6s

  • iPhone SE
    (1st generation)

  • iPhone 7

  • iPhone 8

  • iPhone X

  • iPhone XR

  • iPhone XS

  • iPhone 11

  • iPhone 11 Pro

  • iPhone SE
    (2nd generation)

Production sites and suppliers

The iPhone is finally assembled in China by various EMS providers. The first iPhone was produced solely by the world market leader Foxconn . Starting with the iPhone 6, Apple also brought Pegatron on board . The iPhone 7 is produced by Pegatron and Foxconn, while the supplier Wistron was also commissioned to Foxconn for the iPhone 7 Plus .

The manufacturers listed below supply one or more iPhone assemblies:

Alps Electric ( compass ), Authentec ( Touch-ID sensor), Bosch ( acceleration sensor ), Broadcom ( touch screen controller, controller chips, high-frequency module), Cirrus Logic (audio chipset ), Corning ( screen ), Fairchild ( Semiconductors ), Globalfoundries (chipset, processor), Green Point (plastic case for iPhone 5c), GT Advanced Technologies (screen), Hi-P (plastic case for iPhone 5c), Huizhou Desay Battery (accumulator), Japan Display (screen), LG Display (screen), Maxim Integrated (semiconductor), NXP Semiconductors ( mixed signal chip, NFC chip), OmniVision ( front camera ), PMC-Sierra (integrated circuits), Qorvo ( transmitter , amplifier), Qualcomm ( modem / baseband Processor , high-frequency module), Intel (modem / baseband processor), RF Micro Devices (high-frequency module), Samsung ( accumulator , chipset, processor , flash memory ), Sharp (display), Skyworks (transmitter, amplifier) , SK Hynix ( DRAM ), Sony ( camera ), STMicroelectronics ( gyroscope ), TDK ( Induction coils ), Texas Instruments (semiconductors), Toshiba (flash memory), TriQuint Semiconductor (high frequency module), TSMC (chipset, camera, Touch ID sensor, processor, DRAM), Win Semiconductors (high frequency module), Xintec ( Touch ID sensor).

Launches and sales

The iPhone sales start in the United States was on June 29, 2007. The cell phone was offered in the USA exclusively in cooperation with the American cell phone company AT&T Wireless . In Europe, the device was sold from November 9, 2007; first in Germany and Great Britain , from November 28th in France and from March 14th 2008 in Austria and Ireland . In Germany and Austria, the iPhone was only available from Telekom.

In almost all countries where the iPhone 3G was available, sales began parallel on July 11, 2008. Apple was able to sell a million devices within the first three days.

Sales of the iPhone 3GS started on June 19, 2009, including in the USA and Germany. By October 2009, the iPhone 3GS was also available in China and November 2009 in South Korea ; the device was thus available in a total of 86 countries. Like its predecessor, Apple was able to sell a million devices within the first three days.

When the iPhone 4 went on sale, many people lined up at Apple stores, especially abroad. Sales began in the US, France, UK, Japan and Germany on June 24, 2010. Over 1.7 million iPhone 4s were sold in the first three days. However, the model was sold out a short time later, and more copies were only available a month later.

In Germany, the exclusive distribution rights for the iPhone were held by Telekom until October 27, 2010. Since then, the iPhone has also been available directly from Vodafone , O 2 and Apple. It is also offered by all major network operators in Switzerland.

Since November 29, 2010, in addition to Magenta Telekom , network operators 3 and A1 Telekom Austria and Apple themselves have been offering the iPhone in Austria .

Although many were disappointed with the small changes to the iPhone 4s, around 1000 people lined up at the Apple Store in Frankfurt am Main to purchase the iPhone 4s. Apple sold four million devices in the first weekend.

Hundreds of people lined up at the Apple stores when the iPhone 5 was launched. Over five million devices were sold within the first sales weekend.

The iPhone 5c and iPhone 5s went on sale on September 20, 2013. a. in the USA, Germany and China. Over nine million devices were sold on the first sales weekend.

The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus could be purchased from September 19, 2014. Apple announced that the models had been pre-ordered a total of four million times in the first 24 hours and over ten million devices had been sold on the first sales weekend.

The iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus have been available since September 25, 2015, and sold over 13 million times on the first weekend of sales.

The 1st generation iPhone SE has been available since March 31, 2016.

For the first time, no official sales figures for the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus were published at the start of sales on September 16, 2016, since, according to Apple, due to the high demand, it was already foreseeable that the phones would be sold out and the statistics would be falsified. However, T-Mobile US announced that the number of pre-orders has quadrupled that of the iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus.

In July 2014, Apple started a partnership with IBM in the business customer sector. As part of this partnership, IBM develops industry-specific applications and apps exclusively for iPhone and iPad; In addition, both companies work together on sales, administration and support of the iOS devices.

Overview of all iPhone models sold for German-speaking countries with sales start and price

version country Sales start Price  1)
iPhone Germany November 9, 2007 -
Austria March 14, 2008 -
Switzerland,
Liechtenstein		 unavailable -
iPhone 3G Germany,
Austria,
Switzerland		 July 11, 2008 -
Liechtenstein August 22, 2008 -
iPhone 3GS Germany June 19, 2009 from 519 EUR
Switzerland June 19, 2009 from 629 CHF
Austria June 26, 2009 from 519 EUR
Liechtenstein July 2009 -
iPhone 4 Germany June 24, 2010 from EUR 629
Austria July 30, 2010 from EUR 629
Switzerland,
Liechtenstein		 July 30, 2010 from 769 CHF
iPhone 4s Germany October 14, 2011 from EUR 629
Austria October 28, 2011 from EUR 629
Switzerland,
Liechtenstein		 October 28, 2011 from 649 CHF
iPhone 5 Germany September 21, 2012 from 679 EUR
Austria September 28, 2012 from 679 EUR
Switzerland,
Liechtenstein		 September 28, 2012 from 729 CHF
iPhone 5s Germany 20th September 2013 from 699 EUR
Austria October 25, 2013 from 699 EUR
Switzerland
Liechtenstein		 October 25, 2013 from 779 CHF
iPhone 5c Germany 20th September 2013 from 599 EUR
Austria October 25, 2013 from 599 EUR
Switzerland,
Liechtenstein		 October 25, 2013 from 649 CHF
iPhone 6 Germany 19th September 2014 from 699 EUR
Austria September 26, 2014 from 699 EUR
Switzerland,
Liechtenstein		 September 26, 2014 from 759 CHF
iPhone 6 Plus Germany 19th September 2014 from 799 EUR
Austria September 26, 2014 from 799 EUR
Switzerland,
Liechtenstein		 September 26, 2014 from 879 CHF
iPhone 6s Germany September 25, 2015 from 739 EUR
Austria October 9, 2015 from 739 EUR
Switzerland,
Liechtenstein		 October 9, 2015 from 759 CHF
iPhone 6s Plus Germany September 25, 2015 from 849 EUR
Austria October 9, 2015 from 849 EUR
Switzerland,
Liechtenstein		 October 9, 2015 from 879 CHF
iPhone SE (1st generation) Germany March 24, 2016 from 489 EUR
Austria March 29, 2016 from 479 EUR
Switzerland March 29, 2016 from 479 CHF
version country Sales start Price  1)
iPhone 7 Germany,
Austria		 16th September 2016 from 759 EUR
Switzerland 16th September 2016 from 759 CHF
Liechtenstein 23rd September 2016 -
iPhone 7 Plus Germany,
Austria		 16th September 2016 from 899 EUR
Switzerland 16th September 2016 from 899 CHF
Liechtenstein 23rd September 2016 -
iPhone 8 Germany,
Austria 		22nd September 2017 from 799 EUR
Switzerland,
Liechtenstein 		22nd September 2017 from 839 CHF
iPhone 8 Plus Germany,
Austria 		22nd September 2017 from 909 EUR
Switzerland,
Liechtenstein 		22nd September 2017 from 959 CHF
iPhone X Germany,
Austria 		3rd November 2017 from 1149 EUR
Switzerland,
Liechtenstein 		3rd November 2017 from 1199 CHF
iPhone XS Germany,
Austria 		September 21, 2018 from 1149 EUR
Switzerland,
Liechtenstein 		September 21, 2018 from 1199 CHF
iPhone XS Max Germany,
Austria 		September 21, 2018 from 1249 EUR
Switzerland,
Liechtenstein 		September 21, 2018 from 1299 CHF
iPhone XR Germany,
Austria 		October 26, 2018 from 849 EUR
Switzerland,
Liechtenstein 		October 26, 2018 from 879 CHF
iPhone 11 Pro Germany,
Austria 		20th September 2019 from 1149 EUR
Switzerland,
Liechtenstein 		20th September 2019 from 1199 CHF
iPhone 11 Pro Max Germany,
Austria 		20th September 2019 from 1249 EUR
Switzerland,
Liechtenstein 		20th September 2019 from 1299 CHF
iPhone 11 Germany,
Austria 		20th September 2019 from 799 EUR
Switzerland,
Liechtenstein 		20th September 2019 from 809 CHF
iPhone SE (2nd generation) Germany,
Austria 		17th April 2020 from 479 EUR
Switzerland,
Liechtenstein 		17th April 2020 from 449 CHF
1)Price at Apple for introduction,
Liechtenstein: Is covered by Apple Switzerland, the prices there apply.

Timeline of all iPhone models and equipment variants

iPhone 11 Pro iPhone 11 iPhone XR iPhone XS iPhone X iPhone 8 iPhone 7 iPhone 6S iPhone 6 iPhone SE (2. Generation) IPhone SE (1. Generation) iPhone 5S iPhone 5C iPhone 5 iPhone 4S iPhone 4 iPhone 3GS iPhone 3G iPhone (erste Generation)
Source: Apple press releases

Legal disputes

Sales with binding contracts

On November 19, 2007, Telekom competitor Vodafone (D2) obtained an injunction against the exclusive sale of the iPhone in Germany at the Hamburg Regional Court . Vodafone managing director Friedrich Joussen stated that they did not want to have the sale as such banned, but only to enable the device to be sold without a mandatory contract. Vodafone itself had withdrawn from contract negotiations with Apple in the summer of 2007 after Apple had demanded a share in the turnover of around one third. Telekom announced an objection on November 20, 2007, but the company wanted to adhere to the conditions of the order until a final decision was reached. This states, among other things, that the iPhone may no longer be sold "if it is only offered in connection with the conclusion of a mobile phone contract [...] with a minimum contract term of 24 months [...]." The mobile phone provider debitel also submitted on November 20, 2007 complained to the Federal Network Agency about the drafting of the Telekom contract . The day after, Telekom corrected its sales model: Contracted devices would continue to be sold for 399 euros, but there was also the option of purchasing an iPhone without SIM lock for 999 euros that could be used in all cellular networks. Devices that were already sold in the 47th calendar week could be unlocked free of charge. On December 4, 2007, the Hamburg Regional Court lifted its injunction, and then Telekom declared that from now on only contract-bound iPhones would be sold again. The sale of SIM-lock-free devices was discontinued. No appeal was lodged against the judgment within the one-month period ; it thus became legally binding in January 2008.

Various dealers sold the iPhone in Germany without a contract. Most of the time, it was devices that were imported from other EU countries. On June 25, 2009, the cell phone provider simyo launched the Free iPhones petition . The initiative campaigned for the free sale of the iPhone, regardless of provider, tariff and network. The petition was closed on April 8, 2010 by simyo with more than 25,000 votes and handed over to Apple. In August 2009, Telekom received a warning from a competitor for the statement "exclusively at T-Mobile".

Since the introduction of the first iPhone, the exclusive distribution rights for the iPhone have been with Telekom . Since October 27, 2010, however, iPhones with or without a contract or SIM lock can also be purchased from other German cell phone providers , such as Vodafone and Telefónica , from Apple directly or from retailers .

Name dispute

As early as 1996, the company Infogear Technology brought out a desk phone with an email client under the name iPhone and had it trademarked. The company was bought by Cisco Systems in 2000 ; thus the trademark rights to iPhone in the USA were also transferred to Cisco. In December 2006, Cisco's subsidiary Linksys announced the launch of a family of VoIP phones called the iPhone .

Following a trademark lawsuit against Apple by Cisco on January 10, 2007, the two companies reached an agreement on February 22, 2007 after out-of-court negotiations that stipulated that both companies could use the brand name worldwide. In return, it was examined whether interoperability of the two companies in the areas of security and communication for consumers and business customers was possible.

In addition to Cisco Systems, the Canadian company Comwave Telecom from Toronto also claimed the trademark rights to iPhone . Comwave Telecom has been selling a VoIP service including its own mobile devices under this brand since 2004 . However, Comwave Telecom did not apply for trademark protection in Canada until 2005, but the Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO) had not yet granted the rights to the iPhone .

In the same year 2007, when the first iPhone came onto the market in the USA, the entrepreneur Xintong Tiandi had his “IPHONE” brand for leather goods, such as covers for mobile phones, protected in China. Since Apple protected the iPhone brand in China (2002) for electronic devices, but not for leather goods and, moreover, the iPhone smartphones were not generally known in China in 2007, the Chinese company is allowed to continue to use its brand, a decision was made in May 2016.

In Germany, Freenet AG also operates a VoIP service under the name iPhone .

Android smartphones

A few months after the iPhone operating system was released, Android appeared , which was the only competitor to the gesture-based iPhone operating system in 2008. Steve Jobs found Android plagiarism and wanted to fight against it.

“I will spend my last dying breath if I need to, and I will spend every penny of Apple's $ 40 billion in the bank, to right this wrong. I'm going to destroy Android, because it's a stolen product. I'm willing to go thermonuclear was on this. "

“If I have to, I'll use my last breath, and every penny of Apple's $ 40 billion in the bank, to correct this injustice. I'm going to destroy Android because it's a stolen product. I will fight a nuclear war against it. "

- Steve Jobs

Apple sued the largest Android manufacturers, such as Samsung and HTC , for patent infringements. Among other things, Samsung is said to have imitated the typical design of the iPhone with rounded corners and app icons on the home screen and copied some software functions. Samsung also fought back, for example by indicting the illegal use of LTE in the iPhone 5. Apple and Samsung have been trying to hold arbitration talks since December 2012, but so far they have not been successful.

technology

General structure of an iPhone

On devices with a screen size of up to 4 inches, the on / off switch is located on the right edge of the top of the phone; on larger screens, the on / off switch has been moved to the right side of the housing, where it - due to the larger housing dimensions - is easier to reach for most people. The arrangement of the rest of the hardware buttons is identical on every iPhone. The mute switch is located above the volume buttons on the upper left side of the case, on the front, above the screen, there is a central speaker, proximity sensor, ambient light sensor and, since the iPhone 4, a front camera; the Home button in the center below the screen. The connection for the USB cable is located in the middle on the bottom, next to it is a microphone, and a speaker on the left (this arrangement was swapped with the appearance of the iPhone 5). The front and back are also fixed to the underside of the iPhone with two screws. The SIM card slot was formerly moved from the top of the iPhone to the right side, the headphone jack from the top left to the left of the microphone on the bottom. All iPhones have a camera in the upper left corner of the back of the case, and since the iPhone 4 there is also a flash to the right of the camera. Also since the iPhone 4 there is another microphone that filters out ambient noise during phone calls. 3 microphones have been installed in the iPhone since the appearance of the iPhone 5: In addition to the microphone in the underside of the housing and the front microphone (on the iPhone 4 and 4s next to the 3.5 mm jack socket, on newer devices in the speaker above the screen) there is another Microphone on the back between the iSight camera and the LED flash.

The front and back of the iPhone each form a unit. The battery and the main board (logic board) are located in the rear shell; this is sealed. Large metal sheets are attached over the individual chips. The front consists of four or five parts:

  • the digitizer glass
  • the frame with the loudspeaker and the sensors
  • the frame of the LC screen
  • the LC screen
  • possibly a FaceTime camera

Only the frame and the screen are screwed, the digitizer glass is glued. The front is connected to the motherboard with three cables and fixed to the rear shell with two screws. An exception are the iPhone 4 and iPhone 4s, where the front is screwed to the antenna frame and the phone has to be opened by removing the glass cover on the back.

The flex cables in the iPhone are marked with orange numbers, which make the functions of the individual flex cables easier to identify. All flex cables are similar to a Legostein inserted and fixed if necessary with an additional platelets; an exception is the cable for the loudspeaker, which is clamped with a device.

  • Detail shots

  • Size comparison between iPhone 6 (left) and iPhone 5 (right)

  • The purple dots cover sensors

  • Larger items

  • Underside with speaker and microphone

  • Size comparison between iPhone 3GS (below) and iPhone 4 (above)

  • Retina display (left), 163ppi display (right)

Structure of the main board (logic board)

Samsung S5L8950 Qualcomm MDM9615 Qualcomm RTR8600 SIM-Tray FPC-Connector
Removed logic board of an iPhone 5 without EMI shield



Visible chips from top to bottom:



1. Samsung S5L8950 (SoC)

2. Qualcomm MDM9615 (baseband processor)

3. Qualcomm RTR8600 (transceiver and GPS chip) When moving



the mouse pointer over the Individual areas can also be clicked on in the image.
Logicboard of an iPhone 3GS. The chips are covered by two EMI shields.

Connections:

1. Display
2. Touchscreen digitizer
3. Loudspeakers, brightness and proximity sensors
4. 30-pin connector
5. Headphone jack
6. Volume buttons and mute switch
7. Microphone and lower loudspeaker

The logic board is comparable to the mainboard of a conventional PC. All chips that are required to operate the iPhone are firmly soldered here. The scheme contains only the most important parts, which are arranged by functional area

Antenne Antenne Transceiver Baseband-Prozessor SoC GPS WLAN Bluetooth Kamera Mikrofon Kopfhörer Lautsprecher Lightning (Schnittstelle) Akkumulator ACPI Energieverwaltung Hauptspeicher NOR-Flash MLC
Processors   radio chips energy management cellular radio    

Built-in accumulators

The iPhone uses only lithium polymer batteries . The charge carrier capacity changed only marginally at the beginning, Apple installed batteries with around 1400 to 1500  mAh , but since the iPhone 6 (around 1810 mAh) and the iPhone 6 Plus (2915 mAh) the capacities have increased significantly (see also the section Technical Details ). Apple recommends using the iPhone's battery only at temperatures between 0 and 35 ° C and only storing it between −20 and 45 ° C; however, the optimum operating temperature is between 16 and 22 ° C. The charging electronics of the iPhone carry out a rapid charge up to a battery charge of around 80%, and then switch to trickle charging. The batteries do not have to be 100% discharged before each recharging in order to achieve an optimal service life; this maintenance measure for a lithium battery is even harmful, as it severely affects the charge carrier capacity. Apple claims that the iPhone's batteries retain up to 80% of their original capacity for 500 full charge cycles.

Device generations

The generations of iPhones are not officially specified by Apple, but the iOS installation files are divided into generations and revisions. The current generation would be the ninth; the European iPhone 7 is specified as iPhone9.3 (iPhone generation 9, revision 3). The revision information mostly relates to the modem, so the original iPhone (iPhone 1,1) is only equipped with a GSM modem, while the iPhone 3G (iPhone 1,2) also has a 3G modem. The original iPhone and the iPhone 3G would form the first iPhone generation and only differ in the revision. Some revisions are reserved for certain regions, for example the iPhone6.2 version of the iPhone 5s is not available in Europe because it is primarily designed for the North American CDMA2000 wireless networks and not the 2.6 GHz LTE network that is common in Europe. Frequency band supported.

Technical details

The iPhone and its iOS operating system based on an ARM - processor . This is integrated with the graphics processor in a Samsung SoC or TSMC SoC . The first wireless network supported by the iPhone was the GSM wireless network , with the successor models adding more wireless networks. The performance of the individual components has been steadily increased from the first iPhone to the current models; for example, the A8 chip in the iPhone 6 is said to be “up to 50 times faster” than the S5L8900 chip in the first iPhone, according to Apple . Right from the start, all iPhones were equipped with liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Starting with the iPhone 4, the previously used TN-LCDs were replaced by IPS-LCDs for the higher-resolution retina display. With the release of the iPhone X in autumn 2017, an OLED display was used for the first time. Details can be found in the main articles of the individual devices and in the tables below.

model iPhone iPhone 3G iPhone 3GS iPhone 4 iPhone 4s
Sales status (from Apple) Sale discontinued
Generation, revision 1.1 1.2 2.1 3.1 GSM 3.2 GSM 3.3 CDMA 4.1
Flash memory 4 GB Yes
8 GB Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
16 GB Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
32 GB Yes Yes Yes Yes
64 GB Yes
128 GB
256 GB
Housing colors black Black-and-white
battery pack Type Lithium polymer
capacity 5.18 Wh
1400 mAh , 3.7 volts 		4.255 Wh
1150 mAh, 3.7 volts 		4.51 Wh
1219 mAh, 3.7 volts 		5.25 Wh
1419 mAh, 3.7 volts 		5.3 Wh
1432 mAh, 3.7 volts
Duration
(in h) a 		phone 8th 5 7th 8th
Internet 6th 6th
Standby 250 300 200
Weight (in g) 135 133 135 137 140
Dimensions
(in mm) 		height 115 115.5 115.2
width 61 62.1 58.6
thickness 11.6 12.3 9.3
image
screen
Type TN LCD IPS LCD
size 3.5 ″
(8.89 cm)
Resolution (in pixels) 480 × 320 960 × 640
Pixel density (in ppi ) 163 326
Current operating system iOS 3.1.3 iOS 4.2.1 iOS 6.1.6 iOS 7.1.2 iOS 9.3.6
SoC designation Samsung S5L8900 Samsung S5L8920 Apple A4 Samsung S5L8930 Apple A5 Samsung S5L8940
processor Type ARM 1176 ARM Cortex A8 ARM Cortex A9
Clock rate
(in MHz) 		400 (up to iOS 1.1)
412 (from iOS 2.0) 		412 600 800
architecture ARMv6 32 bit ARMv7 32 bit
random access memory 128 MB 256 MB 512 MB
Graphics
processor 		Type PowerVR
MBX Lite SGX 535 SGX 543MP2
Clock rate
(in MHz) 		60 150 200
Konnek-
tivity 		modem Infineon Qualcomm
S-gold 2 X-Gold 608 X-Gold 618 MDM6600 MDM6610
mobile
radio 		2G GSM, GPRS, EDGE
(quad band 850, 900, 1800 and 1900 MHz)
3G - UMTS, HSDPA
(850, 1900 and 2100 MHz) 		UMTS, HSDPA
(850, 900, 1900 and 2100 MHz)
- HSUPA
- CDMA2000
(800 and 900 MHz) 		CDMA2000
(800 and 1900 MHz)
LTE -
-
SIM card Mini SIM Micro SIM
WLAN /
Bluetooth chip 		Marvell Broadcom
W8686B13
(WLAN)
CSR BlueCore 4
(Bluetooth) 		8686
(WLAN)
CSR BlueCore 6
(Bluetooth) 		BCM4325 BCM4329 BCM4330
WLAN standard 802.11b / g
2.4 GHz 		802.11b / g / n
2.4 GHz
Bluetooth version 2.0 2.0 + EDR 2.1 + EDR 4.0
Positioning - b GPS GPS and GLONASS
camera back photo 1600 × 1200 pixels
1.9  megapixels 		2048 × 1536 pixels
3.1 megapixels 		2592 × 1936 pixels
5 megapixels 		3264 × 2448 pixels
8 megapixels
Video - 640 × 480 pixels
VGA at 30  fps 		1280 × 720 pixels
720p at 30 fps 		1920 × 1080 pixels
1080p at 30fps
front photo - 640 × 480 pixels
0.3 megapixels
Video - 640 × 480 pixels
VGA at 30 fps
connections 30-pin dock connector
Headset output (3.5 mm jack plug )
Sensors Mono microphone Dual microphone
Proximity sensor , brightness sensor , three-axis accelerometer
- Magnetometer
- Three-axis rotation rate sensor
-
-
model iPhone iPhone 3G iPhone 3GS iPhone 4 iPhone 4s
Sources, unless explicitly mentioned
model iPhone 5 iPhone 5c iPhone 5s iPhone 6 iPhone 6 Plus
Sales status (from Apple) Sale discontinued
Generation, revision 5.1 GSM 5.2 LTE 5.3 GSM 5.4 LTE 6.1 GSM 6.2 LTE 7.2 7.1
Flash memory 4 GB
8 GB Yes Yes
16 GB Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
32 GB Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
64 GB Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
128 GB Yes Yes
256 GB
Housing colors Black-and-white White, pink,
yellow, blue, green 		Space gray, silver, gold
battery pack Type Lithium polymer
capacity 5.45 Wh
1434 mAh, 3.8 volts 		5.73 Wh
1508 mAh, 3.8 volts 		5.92 Wh
1558 mAh, 3.8 volts 		6.91 Wh
1809 mAh, 3.82 volts 		11.1 Wh
2906 mAh, 3.82 volts
Duration
(in h) a 		phone 8th 10 14th 24
Internet 8th 10 12
Standby 225 250 384
Weight (in g) 112 132 112 129 172
Dimensions
(in mm) 		height 123.8 124.4 123.8 138.1 158.1
width 58.6 59.2 58.6 67.0 77.8
thickness 7.6 8.97 7.6 6.9 7.1
image
screen
Type IPS LCD
size 4 ″
(10.16 cm) 		4.7 ″
(11.94 cm) 		5.5 ″
(13.94 cm)
Resolution (in pixels) 1136 × 640 1334 × 750 1920 × 1080
Pixel density (in ppi ) 326 401
Current operating system iOS 10.3.4 iOS 12.4.6
SoC designation Apple A6
Samsung S5L8950 		Apple A7
Samsung S5L8960 		Apple A8
TSMC APL1011
processor Type Apple Swift Apple Cyclone Apple Typhoon
Clock rate
(in MHz) 		1300 1400
architecture ARMv7 32 bit ARMv8 64 bit
random access memory 1 GB
Graphics
processor 		Type PowerVR
SGX 543MP3 G6430 GX6450
Clock rate
(in MHz) 		266
Konnek-
tivity 		modem Qualcomm
MDM9615 MDM9625M
mobile
radio 		2G GSM, GPRS, EDGE

(Quad band 850, 900, 1800 and 1900 MHz)

3G UMTS, HSDPA
(850, 900, 1700/2100, 1900, 2100 MHz)
HSUPA
CDMA2000
(800, 1900, 2100 MHz) 		- CDMA2000
(800, 1900, 2100 MHz) 		- CDMA2000
(800, 1900, 2100 MHz) 		- CDMA2000
(800, 1700/2100, 1900, 2100 MHz) 		CDMA2000
(800, 1700/2100, 1900, 2100 MHz)
LTE FDD-LTE bands:
[4, 17]
[1, 3, 5, 13, 25]
[1, 3, 5] 		FDD-LTE bands:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 13, 17, 19, 20, 25]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26]
[1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 20]
TD-LTE bands:
[38, 39, 40] 		TD-LTE bands:
[38, 39, 40, 41]
SIM card Nano SIM
WLAN /
Bluetooth chip 		Broadcom Murata
BCM4334 BCM43342 339S0228
WLAN standard 802.11b / g / n
2.4 GHz and 5 GHz 		802.11b / g / n / ac
2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
Bluetooth version 4.0
Positioning GPS and GLONASS
camera back photo 3264 × 2448 pixels

8 megapixels

Video 1920 × 1080 pixels

1080p at 30 fps

1080p at 30 fps
720p at 120 fps 		1080p at 30/60 fps
720p at 120/240 fps
front photo 1280 × 960 pixels
1.2 megapixels
Video 1280 × 720 pixels
720p at 30 fps
connections Lightning
Headset output (3.5 mm jack plug)
Sensors Tri-microphone
Proximity sensor, brightness sensor, three-axis accelerometer
Magnetometer
Three-axis rotation rate sensor
- Touch ID - fingerprint scanner
- barometer
model iPhone 5 iPhone 5c iPhone 5s iPhone 6 iPhone 6 Plus
Sources, unless explicitly mentioned
model iPhone 6s iPhone 6s Plus iPhone SE (1st generation) iPhone 7 iPhone 7 Plus
Sales status (from Apple) Sale discontinued
Generation, revision 8.1 8.2 8.4 9.1; 9.3 9.2; 9.4
Flash memory 4 GB
8 GB
16 GB Yes Yes Yes
32 GB Yes Yes Yes Yess Yess
64 GB Yes Yes Yes
128 GB Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
256 GB Yes Yes
Housing colors Space gray, silver, gold, rose gold Black, diamond black, silver, gold, rose gold, red
battery pack Type Lithium polymer
capacity 6.55 Wh
1715 mAh, 3.82 volts 		10.45 Wh
2750 mAh, 3.8 volts 		6.21 Wh
1624 mAh, 3.82 volts 		7.45 Wh
1960 mAh, 3.82 volts 		11.1 Wh
2906 mAh, 3.82 volts
Duration
(in h) a 		phone 14th 24 14th 21st
Internet 11 12 13 12 13
Standby 240 384 240 384
Weight (in g) 143 192 113 138 188
Dimensions
(in mm) 		height 138.3 158.2 123.8 138.3 158.2
width 67.1 77.9 58.6 67.1 77.9
thickness 7.1 7.3 7.6 7.1 7.3
image
screen
Type IPS LCD
size 4.7 ″
(11.94 cm) 		5.5 ″
(13.94 cm) 		4 ″
(10.16 cm) 		4.7 ″
(11.94 cm) 		5.5 ″
(13.94 cm)
Resolution (in pixels) 1334 × 750 1920 × 1080 1136 × 640 1334 × 750 1920 × 1080
Pixel density (in ppi ) 326 401 326 326 401
Current operating system iOS 13.6.1
SoC designation Apple A9
TSMC APL1022
or
Samsung S5L8980 		Apple A10 Fusion
TSMC APL1W24
processor Type Apple Twister Apple hurricane
Clock rate
(in MHz) 		1840 2400
architecture ARMv8 64 bit
random access memory 2 GB 3 GB
Graphics
processor 		Type PowerVR
GT7600
Clock rate
(in MHz)
Konnek-
tivity 		modem Qualcomm Qualcomm, Intel
MDM9635M MDM9625M MDM9645M, XMM7360
mobile
radio 		2G GSM, GPRS, EDGE

(Quad band 850, 900, 1800 and 1900 MHz)

3G UMTS, HSDPA

(850, 900, 1700/2100, 1900, 2100 MHz)

HSUPA
CDMA2000

(800, 1700/2100, 1900, 2100 MHz)

LTE FDD LTE bands:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 28, 29] 		FDD-LTE bands:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30]
TD-LTE bands:

[38, 39, 40, 41]

SIM card Nano SIM
WLAN /
Bluetooth chip 		Universal Scientific Industrial Murata
339S00043 339S00134 339S00199
WLAN standard 802.11b / g / n / ac

2.4 GHz and 5 GHz

Bluetooth version 4.2
Positioning Assisted GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and QZSS Assisted GPS and GLONASS Assisted GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and QZSS
camera back photo 4032 × 3024 pixels
12.2 megapixels 		4032 × 3024 pixels
12.2 megapixels

2 × optical zoom

Video 4K at 30 fps,
1080p at 30/60/120 fps
720p at 30/120/240 fps
front photo 2592 × 1936 pixels
5 megapixels 		1280 × 960 pixels
1.2 megapixels 		3072 × 2304 pixels
7 megapixels
Video 1280 × 720 pixels

720p at 30 fps

1920 × 1080 pixels
1080p at 30 fps
connections Lightning
Headset output (3.5 mm jack plug) -
Sensors Tri-microphone
Proximity sensor, brightness sensor, three-axis accelerometer
Magnetometer
Three-axis rotation rate sensor
Touch ID fingerprint scanner
barometer - barometer
model iPhone 6s iPhone 6s Plus iPhone SE (1st generation) iPhone 7 iPhone 7 Plus
Sources, unless explicitly mentioned
model iPhone 8 iPhone 8 Plus iPhone X
Sales status (from Apple) available Sale discontinued
Generation, revision 10.1; 10.4 10.2; 10.5 10.3; 10.6
Flash memory 4 GB
8 GB
16 GB
32 GB
64 GB Yes Yes Yes
128 GB
256 GB Yes Yes Yes
Housing colors Space gray, silver, gold, red Space gray, silver
battery pack Type Lithium polymer
capacity 6.96 Wh
1821 mAh, 3.82 volts 		10.28 Wh
2691 mAh, 3.82 volts 		10.35 Wh
2716 mAh, 3.81 volts
Duration
(in h) a 		phone 14th 21st
Internet 12 13 12
Standby 240 384
Weight (in g) 148 202 174
Dimensions
(in mm) 		height 138.4 158.4 143.6
width 67.3 78.1 70.9
thickness 7.3 7.5 7.7
image
screen
Type IPS LCD OLED
size 4.7 ″
(11.94 cm) 		5.5 ″
(13.94 cm) 		5.8 ″
(14.7 cm)
Resolution (in pixels) 1334 × 750 1920 × 1080 2436 × 1125
Pixel density (in ppi ) 326 401 458
Current operating system iOS 13.6.1
SoC designation Apple A11 Bionic
TSMC APL1W72
processor Type Apple Monsoon & Mistral
Maximum clock
(in MHz) 		2450
architecture ARMv8 64 bit
random access memory 2 GB 3 GB
Graphics
processor 		Type Apple designed
Tri-core
Clock rate
(in MHz)
Konnek-
tivity 		modem Qualcomm
MDM9655
mobile
radio 		2G GSM, GPRS, EDGE

(Quad band 850, 900, 1800 and 1900 MHz)

3G UMTS, HSDPA

(850, 900, 1700/2100, 1900, 2100 MHz)

HSUPA
CDMA2000

(800, 1700/2100, 1900, 2100 MHz)

LTE FDD-LTE bands:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 66]
TD-LTE bands:

[34, 38, 39, 40, 41]

SIM card Nano SIM
WLAN /
Bluetooth chip 		Universal Scientific Industrial
339S00397
WLAN standard 802.11b / g / n / ac

2.4 GHz and 5 GHz

Bluetooth version 5.0
Positioning GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and QZSS
camera back photo 4032 × 3024 pixels
12.2 megapixels 		4032 × 3024 pixels
12.2 megapixels

2 × optical zoom

Video 4K at 24/30/60 fps,
1080p at 30/60/120/240 fps
720p at 30/120/240 fps
front photo 3072 × 2304 pixels
7 megapixels
Video 1920 × 1080 pixels
1080p at 30 fps
connections Lightning
Wireless charging (with Qi chargers)
Sensors Tri-microphone
Proximity sensor, brightness sensor, three-axis accelerometer
Magnetometer
Three-axis rotation rate sensor
Touch ID fingerprint scanner Face ID sensor
barometer
model iPhone 8 iPhone 8 Plus iPhone X
Sources, unless explicitly mentioned
model iPhone XS iPhone XS Max iPhone XR
Sales status (from Apple) Sale discontinued available
Generation, revision 11.2 11.6 11.8
Flash memory 64 GB Yes Yes Yes
128 GB Yes
256 GB Yes Yes Yes
512 GB Yes Yes
Housing colors Silver, space gray, gold Blue, white, black, yellow, coral, red
battery pack Type
capacity 10.13 Wh
2659mAh, 3.81 volts 		12.08 Wh
3179 mAh, 3.80 volts 		11.16 Wh
2944mAh, 3.79 volts
Duration
(in h) a 		phone 20th 25th
Internet 12 13 15th
Standby
Weight (in g) 177 208 194
Dimensions
(in mm) 		height 143.6 157.5 150.9
width 70.9 77.4 75.7
thickness 7.7 7.7 8.3
image
screen
Type Super Retina HD display Liquid Retina HD display
size 5.8 "
(14.7 cm) 		6.5 ″
(16.5 cm) 		6.1 ″
(15.5 cm)
Resolution (in pixels) 2436 × 1125 2688 × 1242 1792 × 828
Pixel density (in ppi ) 458 326
Current operating system iOS 13.6.1
SoC designation Apple A12 Bionic
processor Type Apple Vortex & Tempest
Maximum clock
(in MHz) 		2490
architecture 64 bit
random access memory 4 GB 3 GB
Graphics
processor 		Type Apple designed
Quad core
Clock rate
(in MHz)
Konnek-
tivity 		modem
mobile
radio 		2G GSM / EDGE

3G UMTS / HSPA +

DC-HSDPA
CDMA EV ‑ DO Rev. A (certain models)

LTE Gigabit-capable LTE LTE Advanced
Volte
SIM card Dual SIM (nano-SIM and eSIM)
WLAN /
Bluetooth chip
WLAN standard 802.11ac WiFi with MIMO
Bluetooth version 5.0
Positioning GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and QZSS
camera back photo 4032 × 3024 pixels
12.2 megapixels

2 × optical zoom

4032 × 3024 pixels
12.2 megapixels
Video 4K at 24/30/60 fps,
1080p at 30/60 fps
front photo 7 megapixels
Video 1920 × 1080 pixels
1080p at 30/60 fps
connections Lightning
Wireless charging (with Qi chargers)
Sensors 3-axis gyro sensor
Accelerometer
Proximity sensor
Ambient light sensor
Face ID sensor
barometer
model iPhone XS iPhone XS Max iPhone XR
Sources, unless explicitly mentioned
model iPhone 11 Pro iPhone 11 Pro Max iPhone 11 iPhone (SE 2nd generation)
Sales status (from Apple) available
Generation, revision 12.3 12.5 12.1
Flash memory 64 GB Yes Yes Yes Yes
128 GB Yes Yes
256 GB Yes Yes Yes Yes
512 GB Yes Yes
Housing colors Silver, space gray, gold, midnight green Purple, white, black, yellow, green, red Black White Red
battery pack Type
capacity 11.67 Wh
3046 mAh, 3.83 volts 		15.04 Wh
3969mAh, 3.79 volts 		11.91 Wh
3110 mAh, 3.83 volts
Duration
(in h) a 		phone
Internet
Standby
Weight (in g) 188 226 194 148
Dimensions
(in mm) 		height 144 158 150.9 138.4
width 71.4 77.8 75.7 67.3
thickness 8.1 8.1 8.3 7.3
image
screen
Type Super Retina XDR display Liquid Retina HD display Retina HD display
size 5.8 "
(14.7 cm) 		6.5 ″
(16.5 cm) 		6.1 ″
(15.5 cm) 		4.7 "

(11.94 cm)

Resolution (in pixels) 2436 × 1125 2688 × 1242 1792 × 828 1334 × 750
Pixel density (in ppi ) 458 326 326
Current operating system iOS 13.6.1
SoC designation Apple A13 Bionic
processor Type Apple Lightning & Thunder
Maximum clock
(in MHz) 		2660
architecture 64 bit
random access memory 4 GB 3 GB
Graphics
processor 		Type Apple designed
Quad core
Clock rate
(in MHz)
Konnek-
tivity 		modem
mobile
radio 		2G GSM / EDGE

3G UMTS / HSPA +

DC-HSDPA
CDMA EV ‑ DO Rev. A (certain models)

LTE Gigabit-capable LTE
Volte
SIM card Dual SIM (nano-SIM and eSIM)
WLAN /
Bluetooth chip
WLAN standard 802.11ac WiFi with MIMO
Bluetooth version 5.0
Positioning GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and QZSS GPS, GNSS
camera back photo 12 megapixel triple camera ultra wide angle.

Wide angle and telephoto lenses

12 megapixel dual camera with ultra wide angle and

Wide angle lens

12 megapixels
Video 4K 4K
front photo 12 megapixels 7 megapixels
Video 4K 1080p
connections Lightning
Wireless charging (with Qi chargers)
Sensors 3-axis gyro sensor
Accelerometer
Proximity sensor
Ambient light sensor
Face ID sensor Touch ID
barometer
model iPhone 11 Pro iPhone 11 Pro Max iPhone 11 iPhone (SE 2nd generation)
Sources, unless explicitly mentioned
GSM GSM version
CDMA CDMA version
LTE global version (LTE)
a Battery runtimes are maximum manufacturer values ​​for the latest cellular technology (e.g. LTE on the iPhone 8).
bLocation only via nearby cell phone masts or WLANs
s Diamond Black and Red iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus not available in 32GB version

software

operating system

The operating system is iOS (formerly called iPhone OS ), which provides the home screen and the installed programs ( apps ) for interaction with the user . The home screen represents the actual user interface of iOS, from which programs can be called up that are preinstalled or downloaded from the App Store . In general, iOS has a strong connection to Apple services such as the iTunes Store , App Store or iCloud .

The core of iOS is an adapted macOS , which is the operating system of the Mac . However, the range of functions is less due to restrictions such as the lack of root access.

Operating concept

Status bar and menu area of ​​the iPhone
Virtual keyboard of the iPhone
Up to iOS 8, the letters on the keyboard were displayed in large letters even without the Shift / Caps Lock activated.

The iPhone is operated practically entirely via the multi-touch screen, whereby the graphic user interface used only shows one program window. The screen is usually divided as follows:

  • A 4 mm high status bar at the top of the screen (display of signal strength, provider, cellular mode [LTE, 3G, EDGE, GPRS], battery status, etc.)
  • Including a menu area around one centimeter wide with program names and, if necessary, a few menu items (e.g. one +for adding new entries, one Bearbeitenfor editing entries, or Tag, Monatand Jahrfor switching the calendar views)
  • The actual program window follows below
  • If necessary, there is another menu bar under the program window with which programs can be switched to different modes (for example the clock between world time, timer, alarm clock and stopwatch)

Since iOS 7, many elements of the operating system, such as the status list and menu area, are slightly transparent and blurred and show the program content that is behind them.

The touchscreen is operated with different finger movements:

  • Tap: The underlying function is executed.
  • Double tap: Enlarges or reduces an image section.
  • Tap and hold: A magnifying glass function is displayed. The bookmark can be moved to a desired location by moving the pressed finger. If applicable, an options menu is displayed.
  • Swipe (placing your finger while moving, swiping across the screen, releasing): Used to scroll through lists (addresses and the like; vertical swiping) or views (weather images, cover flow , websites; horizontal swiping)
  • Tap and move: Moves the view on the screen (e.g. for maps or HTML pages)
  • Reaching and moving: With certain functions, by tapping an object (e.g. caller list, location list for the weather) at a certain position indicated by three horizontal lines, the object can be moved to another position in the list by moving your finger.
  • Spreading and Squeezing: This gesture is performed with two fingers moving away from or towards each other. The view on the screen is enlarged or reduced (for example in the web browser, when viewing photos and maps).

With the introduction of 3D Touch on the iPhone 6s, additional content, options and previews can be displayed by pressing on the screen (peek and pop) .

Text is entered using an on- screen keyboard displayed in the program window . Umlauts and other additions to Latin characters can be entered by holding down instead of tapping the basic key and then moving your finger to the displayed character. If the keyboard layout is German, German umlauts and the 'ß' are directly available as keys. The entered text is displayed in a small field at the top of the screen or directly above the keyboard. The accuracy of the input depends on the size of the fingers and the manual skill of the operator, with an adaptive correction function supporting the input.

Apple tries to give disabled people access to the iPhone. For this reason, since the iPhone 3GS, the iPhone has had numerous accessibility aids for people with hearing, visual and physical disabilities. The iPhone allows especially visually impaired users by the gesture-based screen reader VoiceOver a barrier-free operation. In addition, the iPhone has numerous optical adjustment options such as an integrated zoom function, which allows people with poor eyesight to use the iPhone.

Answering machine

With Visual Voicemail , recorded messages can be clearly displayed in a list. There is no need to call the answering machine. The wireless service providers must operate servers with Apple software for this service. In Germany, Austria and Switzerland, the network operators Vodafone , Telekom , O 2 , Swisscom , Sunrise Communications and Salt Mobile offer this service in their iPhone tariffs.

synchronization

Contacts (names, phone numbers, addresses, e-mail addresses), calendar appointments and events, e-mail account settings, bookmarks for websites, notes, ringtones, music, audio books, photos, podcasts, films can be accessed via iTunes , TV shows, music videos, and programs downloaded from the iTunes Store can be synchronized with a computer. The iPhone can also be synchronized via a Microsoft Exchange server or, as is common today, the in-house iCloud service.

Other programs

In his keynote on the introduction of the iPhone, Steve Jobs pointed to Cocoa Touch as the main programming interface (API) of the iPhone software.

At WWDC 2007 it was first announced that other manufacturers could not write classic applications for the iPhone and that this should instead be solved using web applications that are based on open standards such as Ajax and can be displayed in the Safari web browser . IPhone applications such as Google Maps or the telephone function could then be used from Safari . A version of Safari for Microsoft Windows that was also announced made it possible for developers from the Windows world to test such applications independently of Mac OS X. The sandbox principle used, also known from Java , should protect the iPhone better against malfunctions and manipulation by software.

On October 17, 2007, after numerous protests by developers on the Apple website, Steve Jobs promised a development tool, also for native applications, as hot news . The development system ( Software Development Kit (SDK)) had a long development time because Apple was trying to achieve two opposing goals - to offer an open platform for developers and at the same time to protect the iPhone from viruses, malware, attacks on private data, etc. . On March 6th, 2008 the iPhone OS version 2.0 was presented at an event, which supports the iPhone SDK in addition to Microsoft Exchange Server and other network protocols. The software has been publicly available since July 11, 2008.

Apple developed a mobile version of its Cocoa framework called Cocoa touch for the iPhone . The SDK comes with a new version of Apple's integrated development environment, Xcode . This also includes an iPhone simulator , which largely enables the applications to be tested on the Mac during the development phase. The programs are distributed via the App Store . The developers can set the price for their software themselves, but Apple takes 30 percent of that as a commission . While the SDK itself can be obtained for free from Apple's developer sites, a paid developer account is required for publication in the App Store at a price of $ 99 (standard) or $ 299 (in-house applications) per year.

In the meantime, programmers had established procedures to enable programs to run on the device that were not implemented as web applications (so-called native applications). In July 2007, hackers succeeded in jailbreaking the first time a hello world program on the iPhone. Apple was initially neutral to these programming approaches; did not disturb the developments, but did not try to keep such programs running with later versions of the operating system. The development of the jailbreak continued to advance and became an arms race between jailbreak developers and Apple in the heyday of jailbreak, the years 2010 to 2012. In the meantime, however, the jailbreak has seen a significant decline.

Other operating systems

Since the iPhone hit the market, efforts have been made to replace the proprietary iOS operating system with an open source one. In particular, the programmers planetbeing and CPICH contributed to this development. IDroid emerged from their development work. Part of this is the open-source boot loader OpeniBoot, which can be installed on the first two iPhone generations as an alternative to Apple's iBoot. OpeniBoot allows you to boot any firmware on the iPhone (Apple's iBoot only starts firmware signed by Apple).

In December 2008, PlanetBeing demonstrated a Linux distribution on the iPhone for the first time, followed by Google's Android operating system in April 2010 . The user can choose which system he wants to boot through a boot menu - iOS can still be started.

In practice, alternative operating systems have not yet become established, as the only public Android ports only work with devices that use older processors. On newer iPhones that use other processors, the installation of alternative operating systems is now hardly possible due to increasingly closed security gaps.

reception

Distribution and competing products

After the release of the iPhone, Steve Ballmer, CEO of Microsoft , criticized the fact that the iPhone, priced at $ 500, was the most expensive phone in the world and, due to the lack of apps and the virtual keyboard, hardly suitable for business customers.

However, since the iPhone received many positive reviews and increased its market share , Asian companies such as Samsung and LG also manufactured touchscreen telephones. With the Android operating system from Google , which appeared in 2008, the manufacturers succeeded in producing their own touchscreen telephones of the same type. Starting in 2010, Android became more popular because most of the Android phones were significantly cheaper. Therefore, Android overtook the iPhone operating system iOS in market share in the first quarter of 2010.

Nokia , Blackberry, and Microsoft saw how quickly touchscreen phones would dominate the market. As a result, the market shares of Symbian , Blackberry and Windows Mobile phones fell sharply until 2011. Microsoft tried to develop a new operating system for touchscreen smartphones with Windows Phone and cooperated with Nokia - but ultimately to no avail. In 2011/12, the iPhone achieved its highest market share with 23%. Since then, the iPhone's market share has fallen to 12% in favor of Android devices by 2019.

According to Apple CEO Tim Cook , it is not about high market share, but rather about developing a high quality product that is used a lot and has satisfied users.

Sales figures

In the fourth quarter of 2016 Apple sold 45.5 million iPhones worldwide, by July 2016 a total of one billion devices were sold. This makes the iPhone the most important product for Apple, because the iPhone alone generated 40.3 billion US dollars in the second quarter of 2015, which is more than two thirds of its entire business.

Apple's fiscal year runs from October through September. Accordingly, the first quarter covers the months from October to December, including the Christmas business. The second quarter comprises the months of January to March, the third the months of April to June. The latest iPhone version is usually presented in the fourth quarter.

Financial year Q1
(Oct-Dec)		 Q2
(Jan. – March)		 Q3
(Apr-June)		 Q4
(July-Sep.)		 total
2007 00270,000 01,119,000 00001,389,000
2008 02,315,000 01,703,000 00717,000 06,890,000 00011,625,000
2009 04,363,000 03,793,000 05,208,000 07,367,000 00020,731,000
2010 08,737,000 08,752,000 08,398,000 14,100,000 00039,987,000
2011 16,240,000 18,650,000 20,340,000 17,070,000 00072,300,000
2012 37,044,000 35,064,000 26,028,000 26,910,000 00125,046,000
2013 47,789,000 37,430,000 31,241,000 33,797,000 00150,257,000
2014 51,025,000 43,719,000 35,203,000 39,272,000 00169,219,000
2015 74,468,000 61,170,000 47,534,000 48,046,000 00231,218,000
2016 74,779,000 51,193,000 40,399,000 45,513,000 00211,844,000
2017 78,290,000 50,763,000 41,026,000 46,677,000 00216,756,000
2018 77,316,000 52,217,000 41,300,000 46,889,000 00217,772,000
total 1,468,144,000

iOS

The self-contained nature of the platform is often criticized. Some users feel patronized by the restrictions imposed by Apple and are bothered by the excessive control. For example, the personalization options are severely limited. Jailbreaking is a popular remedy .

For example, Apple checks all programs submitted for the App Store for a number of technical - such as security and stability - as well as content-related criteria before they are published. Since it is difficult for users to obtain native programs from sources other than the App Store, critics see censorship in the non-approval of programs.

Other authors, however, see the control of the app store as a possible advantage for users:

"As more consumers have fears about security on the Internet, viruses and malware, they may be happy to opt for Apple's gated community."

"As more and more consumers worry about online security, viruses and malware, they may be happy to choose Apple's sealed system."

- Laura Sydell, NPR

Apple initially received a lot of criticism for not having a Flash Player for iOS . After long discussions, Adobe stopped developing the Flash Player for mobile devices in November 2011, and the download was completely stopped in August 2012.

A separate map service was introduced under iOS 6, which was heavily criticized due to serious errors in the map material. Apple CEO Tim Cook apologized in an open letter and assured that the map material would be improved.

SIM lock

The SIM card slot of a 1st generation iPhone with an inserted SIM card

Often when the iPhone was purchased from a network operator such as Telekom, the device was provided with a SIM lock and could then not be used with a SIM card from another provider. However, such devices can usually be unlocked at the network operator for a fee within the contract period or free of charge after the contract period. After a jailbreak , additional software can be used to bypass the SIM lock in an unofficial way.

Since February 2013, all network providers in Germany have sold the iPhone without a SIM lock. However, a SIM card must be inserted to activate the iPhone for the first time. The iPhone is also available in many other countries from Apple or from network operators without a SIM lock.

Geospatial data storage

On April 20, 2011 it was published that the iPhone and iPad continuously save position data obtained from radio masts and WLAN stations and thus store the user's whereabouts with a time stamp in a special file.

In a press release on April 27, 2011, Apple announced that a software error was responsible for the recording of the data - despite deactivation - and their long storage period. On May 4, 2011, Apple released an update with iOS 4.3.3, with which the database only held the last few days of geospatial data. This database was no longer transferred to the computer by iTunes and was deleted when the CoreLocation service was deactivated.

Encryption

After the terrorist attack in San Bernardino , the FBI turned to Apple to help decrypt the data on the bombers' iPhones. Apple was also ordered by the court to help the FBI unlock an iPhone 5c. Apple refused, however, and sparked a debate about the use of encryption . In the end, the FBI itself managed to get the data on the cell phone. According to press information, the FBI had bought information about a vulnerability from hacking circles that made it possible to bypass the password protection of the mobile phone.

Storage sizes

Since its market launch, the iPhone has been available with different storage sizes (currently - depending on the model - optionally 32, 64, 128, 256 or 512 GB).

The actual available memory depends primarily on the operating system used. The iOS measures its storage in GiB , but indicates GB as a unit. That is why the “16 GB” version actually only provides 14.9 GiB of memory, on which the approximately 2.1 GiB operating system (iOS 9) is stored. In addition, 200 MiB of storage space must be left free, as iOS requires storage space for cache . This leaves 12.6 GiB of usable memory with the 16 GB version of the iPhone 6 Plus. The smallest storage capacities in smartphones are repeatedly criticized, as they often do not correspond to what consumers would expect. The British blog Which? compared the 16 GB models from different manufacturers on the actually usable memory. The iPhone 5c did the best with 12.6 GiB.

Apple quickly stopped selling small memory sizes on the first iPhone. Already in September 2007, eight months after the launch of the iPhone, sales of the 4 GB version were stopped with the exception of remaining stock. With the iPhone 5c, however, Apple subsequently brought an 8 GB version back onto the market in March 2014.

For the introduction of the iPhone 7, the 16 GB basic memory size was replaced in favor of a 32 GB version. The smallest iPhone 8 comes with 64 GB as standard.

Others

In 2015, Tangerine LA was the first widescreen film to be shot exclusively with iPhones.

criticism

When the first iPhones and iPads appeared, the apps and the long battery life were rated positively, while the limited scope of delivery, the lack of support for Adobe Flash and the non-existent USB port were criticized.

Apple has admitted that older models can have their performance throttled dynamically to prevent the device from turning off unexpectedly when the power is high. The throttling always starts when the lithium-ion battery is no longer able to deliver peak loads in the power supply. However, Apple has announced that it will allow iPhone users to switch off the controversial throttling of the performance of their devices when the batteries are worn out.

The following important information is still missing here: Help Wikipedia by researching and pasting it .

The working conditions in the production of iPhones at Foxconn in China have been criticized. So there were several suicides there.

literature

  • Brian Chen: Always On: How the iPhone Unlocked the Anything-Anytime-Anywhere Future - And Locked Us In. Da Capo Press, 2011.
  • Joel West and Michael Mace: Browsing as the killer app: Explaining the rapid success of Apple's iPhone. In: Telecommunications Policy . Elsevier, 2010, pp. 270-286.
  • Bettina Maisch, Miriam Meckel: Innovation Communication 2.0 - The Example of Apple iPhone. SP Gabler Verlag, 2009, pp. 42-46 ( researchgate.net PDF; 331 kB).
  • Holger Hinzberg: Programming iPhone apps . 1st edition. mitp-Verlag, Frechen 2013, ISBN 978-3-8266-9287-1 .

Web links

Commons : iPhone  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: iPhone  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

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This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on October 9, 2016 .