al-Hakam I.

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Dirhem minted under Alhaquén

al-Hakam I. ibn Hishām ( Arabic الحكم بن هشام, DMG al-Ḥakam ibn Hišām , Spanish Alhakén or Alhaquén , * 770 ; † May 21, 822 ) was the third emir of Córdoba (796–822). Because of an uprising in the suburbs ( rabaḍ ) of Cordoba, which he put down, he is also called al-Hakam ar-Rabadī in Arabic sources .

Al-Hakam I succeeded his father Hisham I in the Emirate of Cordoba in 796 . It came again to power struggles with the uncles Sulayman and Abdallah. Although they allied with the Franks under Charlemagne , the candidates were left with a comparison of the eastern part of the emirate between Huesca and Murcia . Under his government, the Malikite school of law prevailed in Andalusia . In addition, the use of Indian decimal numbers was introduced and widespread in Andalusia by Abbas ibn Firnas during this period .

In the following years, al-Hakam I had to assert himself again and again against attempts at autonomy in the provinces, but especially in the margravates. For example, in 797 in Toledo, 5000 nobles are said to have been murdered at a feast in the Alcázar on behalf of al-Hakam I in order to break the city's aspirations for independence. To assert his power, al-Hakam I built a mercenary army of Berbers , Franks and Slavic slaves . With these also a conspiracy in Cordoba (805) and an uprising in the suburbs ( rabaḍ ) of Cordoba against tax increases (818) were bloodily suppressed. Many opponents of the Umayyads then fled to Morocco to the Idrisids , who settled the Andalusians in Fez (allegedly 15,000 families). Other groups temporarily took power in Alexandria, Egypt (814–825) before they conquered Byzantine Crete in 827 and founded an emirate (until 961).

Because of this unrest, al-Hakam I was unable to take active action against the Franks . The Franks conquered Barcelona in 801 and founded the Spanish mark in 806 . As a result, the Frankish rule was also able to consolidate south of the Pyrenees . The Balearic Islands had also been fought over between the Muslims and Franks since 798.

After the death of al-Hakam I on May 21, 822, his son Abd ar-Rahman II took over the government of the emirate.

literature

predecessor Office successor
Hisham I. Emir of Cordoba
796–822 		Abd ar-Rahman II.
personal data
SURNAME al-Hakam I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES الحكم بن هشام (Arabic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Emir of Córdoba (796–822)
DATE OF BIRTH 770
DATE OF DEATH May 21, 822