al-Lahun
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Arabic اللاهون al-Lahun |
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| Coordinates | 29 ° 14 ′ N , 30 ° 58 ′ E | ||
| Basic data | |||
| Country | Egypt | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | EG | ||
Al-Lahun ( Arabic اللاهون al-Lāhūn , often alsowritten Illahun ) is a village in Egypt , whichliesat the eastern entrance of the Fayyum Basin .
Geographical location
The place is located in the valley of the Nile on the Bahr Yusuf ( Joseph's Canal ) about 90 kilometers south of Cairo and about halfway between the town of Beni Suef on the Nile and the town of al-Fayyūm ( Madinat al- Fayyum ).
Ancient necropolis
About three kilometers north of al-Lahun is an ancient necropolis of the Middle Kingdom with the remains of the pyramid of Sesostris II. An important find was the tomb of Princess Sithathoriunet , whose gold jewelry found there is now in museums in Cairo and New York .
About eight kilometers northeast of al-Lahun is the place Abu Sir al Malaq with another ancient necropolis, which was occupied in the late Negade culture and later in the Hyksos period, the Saïtic and Roman periods .
Ancient city of Hetep-Sesostris
An archaeologically even more significant discovery was the discovery of the ancient city of Hetep-Sesostris a little north of al-Lahun . This place was called Kahun by the discoverer Flinders Petrie , but this name is based on a hearing error by Petries, who understood "Kahun" instead of Lahun . In recent research, therefore, the name el-Lahun / Lahun is used for the pyramid and the city.
Located near the valley temple of the Sesostris II pyramid , this city was created on the drawing board and served for centuries for the king's cult of the dead, but also as a regional center. B. the construction of the pyramid was organized from Hawara . Numerous papyri were found in the ruins with mathematical, literary and medical texts in hieratic script as well as documents, letters and invoices.
Today's street layout is partly on the top of the dam of a dike that was built in the time of Pharaoh Sesostris II.
The mayors of the city
- Nebukaure , at least 7 to 18 years of age from Sesostris III.
- Senusret , at least year 9 to 24 of Amenemhet III.
- Chentychetyhotep , from the 25th year of Amenemhet III.
- Chacheperreseneb , (son of Senusret) occupied in the 37th year of Amenemhet III.
- Neferianch, only known from the seal impression, probably 13th Dynasty
- Sneferu, only known from the imprint of a seal, probably 13th Dynasty
- Senni, appears on various undated papyrus fragments, exact dating uncertain
See also
literature
- Hans Bonnet: Lahun. In: Lexicon of Egyptian Religious History. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-08-6 , p. 413.
- AR David: Lahun, town. In: Kathryn A. Bard (Ed.): Encyclopedia of the Archeology of Ancient Egypt. Routledge, London 1999, ISBN 0-415-18589-0 , pp. 430-32.
- Wolfgang Helck / Eberhard Otto : el-Lahun. In: Small Lexicon of Egyptology. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1999, ISBN 3-447-04027-0 , p. 163.
- Stephen Quirke: Lahun: A Town in Egypt 1800 BC, and the History of Its Landscape. Golden House Publications, London 2005, ISBN 0955025613 .
- K. Szpakowska: Daily Life in Ancient Egypt: Recreating Lahun. Malden, Oxford / Carlton 2008, ISBN 978-1-4051-1856-9 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ after Ingo Matzker: The last kings of the 12th dynasty. Frankfurt a. M. / Bern / New York 1986, pp. 110-112; see. U. Luft: Illahun Studies I: on the chronology and the officials in the letters from Illahun. In: Oikumene. No. 3, 1982, pp. 101-155, especially pp. 150-155.
- ^ GT Martin: Egyptian administrative and private-name seals, principally of the Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate period. Ashmolean Museum - Griffith Institute, Oxford 1971, No. 732.
- ^ Geoffrey Thorndike Martin: Egyptian Administrative and Private Name Seals. Griffith Institute, Oxford 1971, No. 1618.
- ↑ Mark Collier, Stephen Quirke: The UCL Lahun Papyri: Letters. Archaeopress, Oxford 2002, ISBN 1841714623 , p. 163 (UC 32309), 31 (UC 32114D).
