Albert Sacharowitsch Manfred

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Albert Sacharowitsch Manfred ( Russian Альберт Захарович Манфред ., Scientific transliteration Al'bert Sacharovič Manfred ; born 15 jul. / 28. August  1906 greg. In St. Petersburg ; † 16th December 1976 in Moscow ) was a Soviet historian .

Life

Albert Sacharowitsch Manfred grew up in an art-loving, humanistic family that was shaped by the spirit of the European Enlightenment. After the end of the Russian Civil War (1918-1922) he worked as a publicist and poet before he decided to study history at Moscow University. There he was taught and promoted by the historians NN Lukin (1885–1940) and Vyacheslav Petrovich Wolgin (1879–1962). Due to his good knowledge of French, his training focused on the history of France, especially on topics of the French Enlightenment , the French Revolution , the July Revolution of 1830 , the February Revolution of 1848 and the Paris Commune of 1871.

From 1930 to 1940 Manfred worked as a teacher at various schools in the Soviet province. In 1940 he moved to Moscow as a teacher. Since 1945 he worked at the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Moscow. His research area was the French Revolution. Manfred tried to follow the tradition of the "Russian School" of the 19th century, to which historians such as Iwan Lutschyzkyj (1845–1918) and Pyotr Alexejewitsch Kropotkin (1842–1921) are counted and which were written by the Soviet historian Eugen Tarlé (1881–1918). 1951) was continued.

The historian Walter Markov (1909–1993) described AS Manfred as a historian who encouraged Marxist historiography in the GDR to deepen research on the history of the French Revolution with his popular scientific “Outline of the Revolutionary History”, published in German in 1952. In 1956 Manfred (together with his teacher and sponsor Vyacheslav Petrovich Wolgin) published the works and in 1962 the biography of Jean-Paul Marat (1743-1793). Then he turned his attention to Maximilien Robespierre (1758–1794), whose selected writings he published in 1965 with critical comments. In 1969, in issue 5 of the Soviet magazine “Woprossy istorii”, the essay “On the essence of Jacobin rule”, which was widely regarded by Marxist historians, was published.

In addition to his research and publications on the French Revolution, Manfred commented on problems in political and cultural relations between France and Russia and the USSR. Other topics of his scientific work were the history of the Paris Commune, the importance of Jean Jaurès (1859–1914) as a politician and historian and the Resistance . He also worked at the Institute for History as head of the France working group and as the editor in charge of the French yearbook ("Franzusski jeshegodnik").

Honors

Albert Sacharowitsch Manfred received an honorary doctorate from the University of Clermont-Ferrand. The International Commission for the History of the French Revolution at the International Committee for the Study of History (CISH) elected him in 1975 as one of its three honorary presidents.

Works (selection)

Published in German translation:

literature

  • Walter Markov: About the author and his book . Foreword in: AS Manfred. Rousseau - Mirabeau - Robespierre. Drei Lebensbilder , Verlag der Nation Berlin, 1st edition 1989, ISBN 3-373-00304-0
personal data
SURNAME Manfred, Albert Sakharovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Манфред, Альберт Захарович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Soviet historian
DATE OF BIRTH August 28, 1906
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH December 16, 1976
Place of death Moscow