Alexander Romanowitsch Lurija

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Alexander Romanowitsch Lurija

Alexander Luria ( Russian Александр Романович Лурия ., Scientific transliteration Aleksandr Luria Romanovic * 3 . Jul / 16th July  1902 greg. In Kazan ; † 14. August 1977 in Moscow ) was a Soviet psychologist .

Life

Until 1921 Lurija studied social sciences, medicine and psychology at the University of Kazan . From 1923 he worked at the Institute of Psychology at Moscow University , initially as an assistant to Konstantin Kornilow , later as head of the laboratory for general psychology. Together with Lev Wygotski and Alexej Leontjew , Lurija was one of the protagonists of the work context in Soviet psychology today known as the cultural-historical school . In the early 1930s, for ideological reasons, Lurija was forced to give up his position as a lecturer in psychology in Moscow and returned to studying medicine. During the war as a medical officer, he specialized in the rehabilitation of brain injured people. From 1944 Lurija worked at the Institute of Neurosurgery in Moscow, where he began to expand the scientific field of neuropsychology . As an independent branch of science, it deals with the role of individual cerebral systems for complex forms of intellectual activity. Under political pressure (among other things he was accused of anti-Pavlovism ), Lurija had to give up this position as well, and was able to resume his academic work some time later after the political conditions in the Soviet Union had loosened with the death of Stalin .

Services

Lurija is considered to be one of the founders of modern neuropsychology. With his pioneering work on aphasia and the role of language in the mental development of children, Lurija's reputation grew abroad, which ultimately led to his professional rehabilitation in his own country. He was in friendly contact with scientists such as Kurt Goldstein , Kurt Lewin , Jean Piaget , Oliver Sacks and Jerome Bruner . Until his death in 1977 Lurija worked on his method of syndrome analysis . This finds its most concrete expression in the two neurological stories Small portrait of a great memory (1968) and The man whose world went to pieces (1971).

Honors

Fonts

literature

  • Wolfgang Jantzen, ed .: The neural entanglements of consciousness - On the topicality of AR Lurijas Neuropsychologie , Münster; Hamburg 1994 ISBN 3-89473-410-8
  • Wolfgang Jantzen, Ed .: Brain, History and Society: Die Neuropsychologie Alexander R. Lurijas (1902-1977) , Berlin 2004 ISBN 978-3936427851
  • Evgenia D. Homskaya: Alexander Romanovich Luria: A Scientific Biography , New York 2001 ISBN 978-0306464942

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