Alexander Romanowitsch Lurija
Alexander Luria ( Russian Александр Романович Лурия ., Scientific transliteration Aleksandr Luria Romanovic * 3 . Jul / 16th July 1902 greg. In Kazan ; † 14. August 1977 in Moscow ) was a Soviet psychologist .
Life
Until 1921 Lurija studied social sciences, medicine and psychology at the University of Kazan . From 1923 he worked at the Institute of Psychology at Moscow University , initially as an assistant to Konstantin Kornilow , later as head of the laboratory for general psychology. Together with Lev Wygotski and Alexej Leontjew , Lurija was one of the protagonists of the work context in Soviet psychology today known as the cultural-historical school . In the early 1930s, for ideological reasons, Lurija was forced to give up his position as a lecturer in psychology in Moscow and returned to studying medicine. During the war as a medical officer, he specialized in the rehabilitation of brain injured people. From 1944 Lurija worked at the Institute of Neurosurgery in Moscow, where he began to expand the scientific field of neuropsychology . As an independent branch of science, it deals with the role of individual cerebral systems for complex forms of intellectual activity. Under political pressure (among other things he was accused of anti-Pavlovism ), Lurija had to give up this position as well, and was able to resume his academic work some time later after the political conditions in the Soviet Union had loosened with the death of Stalin .
Services
Lurija is considered to be one of the founders of modern neuropsychology. With his pioneering work on aphasia and the role of language in the mental development of children, Lurija's reputation grew abroad, which ultimately led to his professional rehabilitation in his own country. He was in friendly contact with scientists such as Kurt Goldstein , Kurt Lewin , Jean Piaget , Oliver Sacks and Jerome Bruner . Until his death in 1977 Lurija worked on his method of syndrome analysis . This finds its most concrete expression in the two neurological stories Small portrait of a great memory (1968) and The man whose world went to pieces (1971).
Honors
- In 1966 Lurija was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , and in 1968 to the National Academy of Sciences . The Luria Society, founded by Wolfgang Jantzen , has existed in Germany since 1987 - an association for the promotion of the scientific foundation of the rehabilitation of brain-damaged people
- In 1997 the Schmieder Clinic Foundation for Science and Research and the University of Konstanz founded the Lurija Institute for Rehabilitation Science and Health Research at the University of Konstanz. Lurija Institute Schmieder Kliniken-Uni Konstanz.
Fonts
- The Nature of Human Conflict , New York 1932
- The higher cortical functions of humans and their disorders in local brain disorders , Berlin 1970
- Language and Consciousness , Berlin 1982 ISBN 3-7609-0668-0
- The historical conditionality of individual knowledge processes , Weinheim 1986 ISBN 3-527-17566-0
- The Man with a Shattered World: The History of a Brain Wound. Harvard University Press, 1987, ISBN 0-674-54625-3
- Romantic science. Research in the border area between soul and brain , Reinbek 1993 ISBN 3-499-19533-X
- The brain in action. Introduction to Neuropsychology , Reinbek 1992 ISBN 3-499-19322-1
- Small portrait of a great memory
- The man whose world was shattered , Reinbek 1991 ISBN 3-499-19380-9
- Cultural-historical human sciences. Selected writings , edited by Wolfgang Jantzen, Berlin 2002 ISBN 3-934529-81-X
literature
- Wolfgang Jantzen, ed .: The neural entanglements of consciousness - On the topicality of AR Lurijas Neuropsychologie , Münster; Hamburg 1994 ISBN 3-89473-410-8
- Wolfgang Jantzen, Ed .: Brain, History and Society: Die Neuropsychologie Alexander R. Lurijas (1902-1977) , Berlin 2004 ISBN 978-3936427851
- Evgenia D. Homskaya: Alexander Romanovich Luria: A Scientific Biography , New York 2001 ISBN 978-0306464942
Web links
- Literature by and about Alexander Romanowitsch Lurija in the catalog of the German National Library
- Neurological Network - Biography Alexander R. Lurija
- Homepage of the Luria Society
- Article Alexander Romanowitsch Lurija in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Lurija, Alexander Romanowitsch |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Александр Романович Лурия; Lurija, Aleksandr Romanovič |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Soviet psychologist |
DATE OF BIRTH | July 16, 1902 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Kazan |
DATE OF DEATH | August 14, 1977 |
Place of death | Moscow |