Ali Pasha Mubarak

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Ali Pasha Mubarak

ʿAlī Pasha Mubārak ( Arabic علي باشا مبارك, DMG ʿAlī Bāšā Mubārak ; born 1823 or 1824 in Egypt ; died November 14, 1893 in Cairo ) was an Egyptian statesman , writer and patron . He worked as a pioneer of Egyptian nationalism .

Life

Ali Mubarak was born in a village in the province of ad-Daqahliyya in the Nile Delta in 1239 AH , this corresponds to 1823 and 1824 respectively. After graduating with honors in engineering in Cairo, he was accompanied by Muhammad Ali in 1844 as a companion to his sons Husain and Muhammad Abd al-Halim and his grandsons Ahmad and Ismail , the future Khedive , were sent to France for further training. He studied for two years in Paris, then for two years at the military academy in Metz and spent a year in the French army . On his return to Egypt in 1849 he was made pasha . As the first native Muslim during the Ottoman rule in Egypt , he was made director of the state schools. This was the beginning of a career as a civil servant that spanned nearly four decades, during which he ran various ministries, from education to public works to railways.

After his return from the World Exhibition in Paris in 1867, Ismail Pasha made Mubarak head of the Ministry of Public Works. In this position, Mubarak initiated the modernization of road construction in Cairo based on the European model. However, since some parts of the city of Cairo were not modernized, this led to a division into two parts at the turn of the 20th century. The modern districts were in the north and west and were much better off socially and economically than the old town. From 1888 to 1891 Mubarak was Minister of Education. As early as 1870 he founded the Dār al-ʿulūm , the "House of Science", a pedagogical college based on the model of the French École normal supérieure . He also changed the curriculum of traditional religiously oriented schools, focused on foreign languages ​​and natural sciences and promoted the translation and publication of technical textbooks.

In addition, Mubarak contributed to the establishment of the Egyptian National Library , which was built in 1870 as the Khedive library .

Works

  • ʿAlī Mubārak's most famous work is Al-Ḫiṭaṭ at-Taufīqīya al-ǧadīda (الخطط التوفيقية الجديدة“The new Taufeqic Chitat”), which provides a detailed description of the streets of the most important cities and villages in Egypt in 20 volumes. Volume 9 contains the author's biographical information, and Volume 18 gives a comprehensive description of the Nilometer on Roda Island . The book is a continuation and completion of Hitat of Al-Maqrizi created (d. 1442) and provides for Stephan Fliedner the "most perfect example" of the literary genre of Chitat represents. Originally the word Chitat designated strip of territory in the early Islamic garrison towns certain Tribal and ethnic groups were assigned. Chitat works provide historical and topographical information on these quarters.
  • In his story ʿĀlam ad-dīn (1882), which takes up the traditions of Arabic travelogues ( Rihla ) and the Makame , he describes the journey of an Egyptian and an Englishman through Egypt and France. The author emphasizes the necessity of cooperation between Orient and Occident.

literature

  • Stephan Fliedner: ʿAlī Mubārak und seine H̱iṭaṭ: commented translation of the autobiography and work review . ( Islamic Studies 140) Schwarz, Berlin, 1990. Digitized
  • F. Robert Hunter: Egypt Under the Khedives, 1805-1879: From Household Government to Modern Bureaucracy . American University at Cairo Press, 1999. Partial online view
  • Lorne M. Kenny: Alī Mubārak: Nineteenth Century Egyptian Educator and Administrator . Middle East Journal, Vol. 21, No. 1, Winter 1967. pp. 35-51. Online partial view
  • Ali Pasha Mubarak . In: Article in the journal of the German Oriental Society , Volume 47, pp. 720 f.

Web links

Commons : Ali Pasha Mubarak  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ F. Robert Hunter: Egypt Under the Khedives, 1805-1879. P. 126
  2. ^ William Cleveland: A History of the Modern Middle East . Boulder, CO. Westview Press, 2004. p. 93.
  3. ↑ Janet Abu-Lughod, "Tale of Two Cities: The Origins of Modern Cairo." Comparative Studied in Society and History. 7.4, 1965.
  4. ↑ Encyclopaedia Britannica: ʿAlī Pasha Mubārak
  5. ↑ Fliedner: ʿAlī Mubārak and his H̱iṭaṭ . 1990, p. 6.
  6. ↑ Fliedner: ʿAlī Mubārak and his H̱iṭaṭ . 1990, p. 106.
personal data
SURNAME Mubarak, Ali Pasha
ALTERNATIVE NAMES علي باشا مبارك (Arabic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Egyptian statesman and writer
DATE OF BIRTH 1823 or 1824
PLACE OF BIRTH Egypt
DATE OF DEATH November 14, 1893
Place of death Cairo