Alisa foot

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Alisa Fuss (born on April 7, 1919 in Berlin as Ilse Miodownik ; died on November 20, 1997 ) was a German- Israeli educator and human rights activist .

Alisa foot

Life

Childhood and youth in Berlin and Breslau

Alisa Fuss was born in Berlin to Jewish parents. Her father, Jakob Miodownik, was the son of poor Eastern Jewish immigrants, her mother Erna, née. Levy, came from the Berlin bourgeoisie. The devout father had the first floor of their house in Zehlendorf , where the family lived in 1924/1925, converted into a synagogue. “There was no public synagogue in the area. So on Friday evenings and Saturdays the Jews from the neighborhood always came to us to pray. ”From 1925 Alisa Fuss attended the family school Zehlendorf-West, a non-denominational private school. From 1929 she was a student of VI. Municipal lyceum in Berlin-Charlottenburg . In the same year the family moved to Wroclaw , where Alisa also attended the local lyceum. In Breslau she also came into contact with part of the Jewish youth movement. She soon joined the Jung-Jüdischer Wanderbund, a scout-like organization that was increasingly socialist . Alisa Fuss left the Lyceum when she was supposed to say " Heil Hitler ". She then spent a year in the Jewish high school, which she left in 1934 at the age of 15 to begin an apprenticeship as a painter "with an 'Aryan' master painter" (Alisa Fuss). She became a Zionist “because of Hitler, of course, but also out of conviction. You have to say that our group was not a nationalist, chauvinist like others ... "

Palestine and Israel

Alisa Fuss lived alone in Breslau from April to September 1935 (departure for Palestine ), first in the Israelite girls' home, later in the Hechaluzhaus. Her parents agreed that she wanted to emigrate with the youth aliyah to what was then the British mandate of Palestine. They themselves left Germany in April 1935. They had obtained visas for Uruguay with forged papers that identify them as farmers . Their real destination was Argentina . They died in 1940 and 1942. "The hardships (the flight and the new beginning in South America) were too great for them," explained Alisa Fuss later. She tried in vain to get an entry visa to Palestine for her brother. After decades of correspondence, the first meeting took place in 1980 in Buenos Aires . Alisa Fuss initially lived in Palestine in the Kibbutz Raʿanana near Tel Aviv . She worked in the citrus industry, on the orange plantations in the coastal strip between Haifa and Tel Aviv. At the time of the Arab uprising (1936–1939) she left the kibbutz. She did not agree that the Zionist paramilitary underground organization Hagana violated its previous principle of pure self-defense by preventively raiding Arab villages. When the discussion she asked about this development in the kibbutz was postponed again and again, she left the kibbutz and went to Jerusalem . She hoped to be able to study there. In fact, she worked on construction sites and as a housekeeper.

Farewell to Zionism

Alisa Fuss saw her political dreams and ideals betrayed. The central element of their political development is their departure from Zionism. “In our own understanding of the kibbutz, Zionist and socialist or even communist elements are mixed. The Zionist element offered more and more targets when we looked at politics in Palestine. It is no coincidence that the question of Zionism and / or socialism was discussed so much in the kibbutz. Both elements are contained in the idea of ​​the kibbutz, and many of us young people were amazed to see how their ideals were realized in reality. It was precisely the sensitivity that drove us as ostracized and persecuted Jews to this country that made us stand up against another form of oppression, against cooperation with the British mandate, against the expulsion of the Arabs by the Jewish Palestinians. We could not look on indifferently with the fate of the Arabs. It was the same desire - to be at peace with yourself, to build a more beautiful life - that brought us into the country as part of the Zionist youth movement, which then made us accusers against Zionism. Our radicalization into convinced socialists or communists had less ideological reasons, but was a reaction to the way in which Zionism was realized in the country: in agreement with British colonialism and with dubious practices against the Arab population. "

"Short guest performance" with the communists

Through her later first husband Chaim Preschel she found her way to the Communist Party of Palestine (PKP, Jewish Section). During the Arab uprising, the British enforced the PKP ban with great severity. She was arrested in 1940 during an illegal operation. A year of administrative detention follows: no charge, no trial, no verdict.

Much later, in the summer of 1956, Alisa Fuss and her second husband Helmut Fuss were arrested again. Her name had been found on a list of informants for the Polish secret service. One can only speculate about the exact background and how it came about. He was sentenced to six years in prison. In fact, the now three-time mother was imprisoned for four years. Chaim Cohen, the prosecutor and later Supreme Court judge, had campaigned for the last third of the sentence to be waived. Her husband was sentenced to four years in prison.

The pedagogue

Alisa Fuss started her educational work in the youth village Ben-Schemen. In 1949 she had already passed the state examination as a primary school teacher. After her release from prison, she took up a job at the state special school in Tel Aviv in 1960. This was followed by six years in which she systematically continued her education at the Universities of Jerusalem and Tel Aviv . Later she herself worked in teacher training. She represented the Israeli Society for Special Education on a regular basis at international conferences and reported on her work at the Broschim School in Tel Aviv on lecture tours that regularly took her to Europe. From 1968 she published in German-language educational and psychological journals. It was through these publications that Hartmut von Hentig , one of the most influential contemporary German educators, became aware of them. In 1976 he brought her to the laboratory school in Bielefeld . The work stay, originally scheduled for one year, became four years.

Back in Berlin

In 1980, at the age of 61, Alisa Fuss returned to her native Berlin. There she joined the International League for Human Rights , of which she became president in 1990. In the summer of 1982 Alisa Fuss was the initiator and co-founder of the Jewish Group Berlin, together with Fritz Carpet . The emergence of this group was directly related to the Israeli invasion of Lebanon . “The members of the Jewish group primarily wanted to distinguish themselves from the official, governmental view of Israel on this conflict, as represented, at least externally, by the Jewish community. Groups with a similar, comparable orientation also formed in other German cities as well as in Austria and Switzerland. ”“ She was one of the first Jewish grassroots interest groups to become active in post-war Berlin and also one of the first to express her opinion went public and did not shy away from contradicting the official community. ”“ The group is by no means united in its stands, but needs the forum in which to consider the questions. ”In 1982 she gave a lecture at the invitation of the International of War Resisters (IDK) in the Libertarian Forum (Berlin) on the topic: Jewish pacifists on Israel Palestine. Together with Ossip K. Flechtheim , there were personal connections between the International League for Human Rights and the IDK.

In addition, Alisa Fuss was a co-founder of the Berlin Refugee Council, which received the Gustav Heinemann Prize in 1989 for its work . In 1982 Alisa Fuss chained herself in front of the building of the Berlin Senator for Justice in protest against the threatened deportation of the Turkish asylum seeker Cemal Kemal Altun . Together with Fritz Teppich, she turned to the Jewish world star Yehudi Menuhin and Pope John Paul II for help for Altun .

During the Second Gulf War in 1991, she set up the "Aktion Breatherause" initiative, the aim of which was to offer Israeli and Palestinian mothers and their children a place to relax with Berlin families, where they could relax without constant fear or fear of the next Iraqi attack could be a poison gas attack, should live.

In 1997 Alisa Fuss, meanwhile seriously ill, returned to Tel Aviv, where her children lived. She died there on November 20, 1997.

Positions

“I am often asked: How is it that you, as a Jew and an Israeli, stand up for the cause of the Palestinians? I see the question differently. I stand for humanity, solidarity and against oppression - ultimately for myself and my kind. "

“What bothered me most about the Jewish community is that they never combined the fight against anti-Semitism with the fight against racism and xenophobia. But they belong together, especially for Jews. "

“Israel regards the occupied territories almost as its colonies. History teaches that colonies are liberated when the cost-benefit ratio becomes too unfavorable for the occupiers, especially when there is great opposition in their own country. "

"The maximum demands of the Islamic fundamentalists in particular, but also of others who reject the State of Israel, meet the intentions of the Israeli government to postpone negotiations until St. Never's Day."

"Back then, we Jews did exactly what the asylum seekers do today, namely to get false documents in order to cross closed borders and first send their children to a safe haven."

“When it comes to protecting human rights, it is not - or not only - out of compassion for discriminated minorities, but because their rights are at stake for all of us. It is not enough that they are printed in the Basic Law. It takes many people who are ready to defend them as theirs. "

"Racism is therefore not just the problem of poor people with poor education, but an ideology and practice that is also anchored in the elites of business, politics, administration, science and the media."

“I would also like to say: I stand up for Altun, not as a stranger, not out of pity, nor as the saying goes: that is also a person, but out of solidarity between a formerly persecuted person and someone who is persecuted today, as a brother, so to speak who also belongs to the family of people who fight oppression. And I fear for his life! "

“Central agreements must be: security for Israel within precisely defined limits, the establishment of the Palestinians in their national rights, that is, a Palestinian state alongside and in cooperation with Israel, and thirdly, the pacification of Lebanon. I would wish for all of that. "

“I myself am asked: 'Whose side are you on? Are you demonstrating for peace or for the salvation of Israel? ' An absurd alternative! "

"We are in solidarity with them, especially with the Kurds, against whom the Turkish regime, with German support, is now again proceeding with particular cruelty in breach of all international law provisions."

“The military strategy of retaliatory strikes and preventive strikes is foolish to nonsense. The borders have never been so hot, there have been so much shooting and bombing here and there, as only after the so-called Six Day War, which supposedly finally created secure borders with huge conquests of countries. Only peace borders are safe borders. "

Honors

Interviews / portraits

  • Doing what is necessary with sobriety, in: In the focus of the Berliner. Journal of the Democratic Women's Association Berlin, 32nd year, 1988, No. 2 / February, pp. 10-11.
  • Alisa Fuss, 73 years old and not a bit tired, in: the daily newspaper (taz), July 13, 1992.
  • »At the moment I'm staying here« Interview with Alisa Fuss, President of the League for Human Rights / The 73-year-old German and Israeli citizen receives the Federal Cross of Merit, in: die tageszeitung (taz), November 28, 1992.
  • The 73-year-old German and Israeli citizen receives the Federal Cross of Merit , in: the daily newspaper (taz), November 28, 1992.
  • Fight without breathing space. Alisa Fuss, President of the League for Human Rights, receives the Federal Cross of Merit, in: DIE ZEIT 50/1992.
  • Women. Maria Heiderscheidt in conversation with Alisa Fuss, in: B1, The Third of the SFB, 3.7.1993.
  • Racism in Germany and what can be done about it, in: UMBRÜCHE, No. 5, January – March 1993, pp. 4–6.
  • As fearless as Ossietzky. Alisa Fuss, President of the International League for Human Rights, on the plural life in Berlin and the Carl von Ossietzky Medal 1993, in: Berliner Linke 49/93.
  • »I see black for human dignity in Germany«, interview, in: Gossner Mission Information 3, June / July 1996, pp. 21–23.
  • According to German law, the Jews would not get asylum. Conversation with the President of the International League for Human Rights, Alisa Fuss, about flight, allied knowledge of the extermination of Jews and about German policy on foreigners, in: FRIDAY, December 20, 1996.
  • "As with Biedermann and the arsonists." Alisa Fuss on demagoguery and humiliation, on her fight against racism and her life in Berlin and Palestine, in: Frankfurter Rundschau, August 11, 1997.

Obituaries

  • The rebellious one. Alisa Fuss, president of the League for Human Rights, died at the age of 78, in: die tageszeitung (taz), 22./23. November 1997.
  • The portrait. Violence made them angry. Alisa Fuss is dead, in: Frankfurter Rundschau, November 22, 1997.
  • Died - Alisa Fuss, in: DER SPIEGEL 48/1997, November 24, 1997.
  • Alisa Fuss fought for the rights of the uprooted, in: Der Tagesspiegel, November 24, 1997.
  • Obituary for Alisa Fuss, by Jutta Maixner, in: INAMO, No. 12, Winter 1997, p. 44.
  • Obituary: Alisa Fuss, in: Zitty, No. 25, 1997, pp. 40/41.
  • "She didn't look away." In Memoriam Alisa Ilse Fuss 1919–1997, in: Information Service VII / 1997: German-Palestinian Society
  • Obituary: Alisa Fuss - by Ruth Fruchtman, in: Jüdisches Berlin 6/98.

Publications

  • The gang leader. A case study from behavioral education, in: Zeitschrift für Heilpädagogik, 1968, issue 1, pp. 27–36.
  • Opportunities for treating disturbed children in school. From a special school for normally intelligent children with difficult upbringing in Tel Aviv, in: Practice of child psychology and child psychiatry. Journal for analytical child psychology, psychotherapy and psychagogics in research and practice, 17th year, October 1968, issue 7, pp. 265–269.
  • Ways to treat disturbed children in school. From a special school for normally intelligent, difficult upbringing children in Tel Aviv. Part 2, in: Practice of Child Psychology and Child Psychiatry. Journal for analytical child psychology, psychotherapy and psychagogics in research and practice, 18th year, January 1969, issue 1, pp. 20–28.
  • A neurotic neglected child, in: Practice of child psychology and child psychiatry. Journal for analytical child psychology, psychotherapy and psychagogics in research and practice, 18th year, October 1969, issue 7, pp. 265-271.
  • Esra - the aggressive, anti – social, lonely child, in: Zeitschrift für Heilpädagogik, 1970, issue 8, pp. 429–439.
  • Working with non-conformist, community-challenged children in Israel. The "Broshim" school for children with behavioral disorders in Tel Aviv, in: Practice of child psychology and child psychiatry. Journal for analytical child psychology, psychotherapy and psychagogics in research and practice, 20th year, November / December 1971, issue 8, pp. 306-315.
  • The exceptionally gifted child (IQ 135) as a problem of special education - a case study, in: Zeitschrift für Heilpädagogik, 1971, issue 8, pp. 549–554.
  • The gifted, defiant child - a case study, in: Zeitschrift für Heilpädagogik, 1972, issue 9, pp. 628–632.
  • The "Broschim" school for behavioral children in Tel Aviv, in: Practice of Child Psychology and Child Psychiatry. Journal for analytical child psychology, psychotherapy and psychagogics in research and practice, 22nd year, February / March 1973, issue 2, pp. 68–78.
  • The bad, beautiful year with Aron, in: Schule, 1973, May / No. 5, pp. 43-45.
  • Alisa Fuss / Walter Bärsch, The Treatment of Difficult Children in Class. Villingen: Neckar-Verlag 1973.
  • In Israel, too, the educational situation is burdened by socio-cultural factors, in: Alisa Fuss / Walter Bärsch, The treatment of difficult children in class. Villingen: Neckar-Verlag 1973, pp. 62-70.
  • Possibilities of treating difficult children in class, illustrated with individual examples. A preliminary remark, in: Ibid., Pp. 167–169.
  • The Broshim School for Behavioral Disorders, in: Ibid., Pp. 169–175.
  • The child of the street, in: Ibid., Pp. 175–188.
  • The aggressive child from a primitive environment, in: Ibid., Pp. 188-195.
  • The juvenile thief, in: Ibid., Pp. 196–201.
  • The neglected child, in: Ibid., Pp. 201–204.
  • The gang leader, the terrorist, in: Ibid., Pp. 204-214.
  • The above-average talented child, in: Ibid., Pp. 214–221.
  • The child who suffers from fear of death, in: Ibid., Pp. 221–228.
  • The child who suffers from rejection from his environment, in: Ibid., Pp. 228-240.
  • The aggressive, anti-social, lonely child, in: Ibid., Pp. 241-252.
  • The gifted, defiant child, in: Ibid., Pp. 252-258.
  • Josef, an impulsive, uncontrolled child, in: Zeitschrift für Heilpädagogik, 1976, issue 6, pp. 383–389.
  • Animal care in the school zoo as educational aid, in: Neue Sammlung, 1976, No. 6, pp. 509–552.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c As with Biedermann and the arsonists. Alisa Fuss on demagogy and humiliation, on her fight against racism and her life in Berlin and Palestine, in: Frankfurter Rundschau, August 11, 1997
  2. ↑ Dirk Arntz: A life for human rights . Memorandum for Alisa Fuss. Bildungswerk Berlin of the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin 2009, DNB 998897256 , p. 12.
  3. ↑ cf. Suska Döpp: Jewish youth movement in Cologne 1906–1938 . LIT Verlag, Münster 1997, ISBN 978-3-8258-3210-0 .
  4. ↑ Dirk Arntz: A life for human rights . Memorandum for Alisa Fuss. Bildungswerk Berlin of the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin 2009, DNB 998897256 , p. 15.
  5. ↑ Dirk Arntz: A life for human rights . Memorandum for Alisa Fuss. Bildungswerk Berlin of the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin 2009, DNB 998897256 , p. 16
  6. ↑ Alisa Fuss, 73 years old and not a bit tired, in: the daily newspaper (taz), July 13, 1992
  7. ↑ a b c According to German law, the Jews would not get asylum. Conversation with the President of the International League for Human Rights, Alisa Fuss, about flight, allied knowledge of the extermination of Jews and about German policy on foreigners . In: FRIDAY , December 20, 1996.
  8. ↑ quoted from Barbara Heber-Schärer, Alisa Fuss. An active life, unpublished typescript, 2007, p. 16 f.
  9. ↑ Dirk Arntz: A life for human rights . Memorandum for Alisa Fuss. Bildungswerk Berlin of the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin 2009, DNB 998897256 , p. 24
  10. ↑ Dirk Arntz: A life for human rights . Memorandum for Alisa Fuss. Bildungswerk Berlin of the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin 2009, DNB 998897256 , p. 27.
  11. ↑ Dirk Arntz: A life for human rights . Memorandum for Alisa Fuss. Bildungswerk Berlin of the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin 2009, DNB 998897256 , p. 29
  12. ↑ Dirk Arntz: A life for human rights . Memorandum for Alisa Fuss. Bildungswerk Berlin of the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin 2009, DNB 998897256 , p. 29.
  13. ↑ Dirk Arntz: A life for human rights . Memorandum for Alisa Fuss. Bildungswerk Berlin of the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin 2009, DNB 998897256 , p. 53
  14. ↑ Andrew Roth, Michael Frajman: Jewish Berlin today . Quadriga Verlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 978-3-88679-332-7 , p. 207
  15. ↑ Soul-searchers, Jerusalem Post Magazine, January 1987
  16. ↑ Wolfram Beyer (ed.): Internationale der Kriegsdienstgegner *innen - 1947-2017 Contributions to History, Verlag Edition AV Lich 2017, p. 19
  17. ↑ "I see black for human dignity in Germany" . Interview. In: Gossner Mission Information 3, June / July 1996, pp. 21-23
  18. ^ Jews appeal to the federal government. Menuhin calls for freedom for Altun . In: the daily newspaper (taz), August 19, 1983; Radio broadcast on the chaining, Echo am Mittag, May 2, 1983
  19. ^ "The peace movement is not anti-Israeli". The International League for Human Rights wants to publish an "Open Letter" in Israeli daily newspapers . In: the daily newspaper (taz), January 30, 1991.
  20. ^ Berlin invitations to children from Israel . In: the daily newspaper (taz), February 14, 1991.
  21. ↑ The current question . In: Berliner Zeitung, February 2, 1991.
  22. ↑ "We can do nothing and are only victims". Israelis want to flee to Germany - Berlin admission campaign is well received . In: Der Tagesspiegel, February 17, 1991
  23. ↑ Dirk Arntz: A life for human rights . Memorandum for Alisa Fuss. Bildungswerk Berlin of the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin 2009, DNB 998897256 , p. 33
  24. ↑ Alisa Fuss, Uprising in the Occupied Territories, in: Kirche Aktuell - Palestinians: Life needs a future! May 1988, p. 34
  25. ^ Israel and Palestine between confrontation and cooperation. Documentation for the conference on 24./25. June 1989 in West Berlin, introduction by Alisa Fuss, p. 65.
  26. ↑ Dirk Arntz: A life for human rights . Memorandum for Alisa Fuss. Bildungswerk Berlin of the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin 2009, DNB 998897256 , p. 43
  27. ↑ Alisa Fuss, acceptance speech for the award of the Federal Cross of Merit
  28. ↑ Racism in Germany and what can be done about it. A contribution by Alisa Fuss, in: Umbruch, No. 5, January - March 1993, pp. 4–6
  29. ↑ Source: Alisa Fuss in the radio show Echo am Mittag, July 25, 1983
  30. ↑ The end of the war does not mean peace, in: the daily newspaper (taz), March 1, 1991.
  31. ↑ Dirk Arntz: A life for human rights . Memorandum for Alisa Fuss. Bildungswerk Berlin of the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin 2009, DNB 998897256 , p. 73
  32. ↑ Alisa Fuss in a speech on May 7, 1995, on the occasion of the upcoming anniversary of the German surrender.
  33. ↑ Dirk Arntz: A life for human rights . Memorandum for Alisa Fuss. Bildungswerk Berlin of the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin 2009, DNB 998897256 , p. 96
  34. ^ "New asylum law, order back", in: the daily newspaper (taz), June 29, 1993; Alisa Fuss, I don't want to serve as a human rights alibi, in: FRIDAY, July 2, 1993; The full text is also documented in: Blätter für deutsche und internationale Politik, 9/1993, pp. 1153–1155
personal data
SURNAME Fuss, Alisa
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-Israeli educator and human rights activist
DATE OF BIRTH April 7, 1919
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH November 20, 1997