Alcanna
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Alkanna is a genus within the family of Borage Family (Boraginaceae). The 30 to 50 species are distributed from southern Europe to North Africa and as far as Iran .
description
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Vegetative characteristics
Alkanna species grow as annual to perennial herbaceous plants . The alternate leaves are simple.
Generative characteristics
A few flowers stand together in terminal coils . The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are only fused at their base. The five yellow or pink to blue petals are fused into a cylindrical tube with a funnel-shaped border and a hair ring. There is only one circle with mostly five fertile stamens . The stamens and the style do not protrude beyond the corolla tube.
Decay fruits with two kidney- or egg-shaped claws are formed.
Systematics
The genus Alkanna was established by Ignaz Friedrich Tausch . Synonyms for Alkanna Exchange are: Baphorhiza Link , Camptocarpus C. Koch , Campylocaryum DC. ex Meisn. , Onochiles Bubani and Rhytispermum Link .
species
The genus Alkanna includes 30 to 50 species:
- Alkanna amana Rech. F. : It occurs in Turkey .
- Alkanna areolata Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey and on Aegean islands.
- Alkanna attilae P.H.Davis : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alkanna aucheriana A.DC. : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alkanna calliensis hero dr . ex Boiss. : It occurs in Greece .
- Alkanna cappadocica Boiss. & Balansa : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alkanna confusa Rech. F. : It occurs in Turkey and in the area of Syria and Lebanon .
- Alkanna corcyrensis Hayek : It occurs in Albania and Greece.
- Alkanna cordifolia C. Koch : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alkanna froedinii Rech.f. : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alcanna galilaea Boiss. : It occurs in the area of Israel and Jordan .
- Alkanna graeca Boiss. & Spruner : It occurs in Bulgaria and Greece.
- Alkanna haussknechtii Bornm. : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alkanna hirsutissima (Bertol.) A.DC. : It occurs in Turkey and in the area of Lebanon and Syria.
- Alkanna hispida Huber-Morath : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alkanna incana Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alkanna kotschyana A.DC. : It occurs in Turkey and in the area of Lebanon and Syria.
- Alkanna leiocarpa Rech. F. : It occurs in the area of Syria and Lebanon.
- Alkanna lutea Moris : It occurs in Portugal , Spain , France , Corsica , Sardinia , Italy , Mallorca and Ibiza .
- Alkanna macrophylla Boiss. & Hero. : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alkanna macrosiphon Boiss. & Hero. : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alkanna maleolens Bornm. : It occurs in the area of Syria and Lebanon.
- Alkanna megacarpa A.DC. : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alkanna methanaea Hausskn. : It occurs in Greece.
- Alkanna noneiformis Griseb. : It occurs in Greece and Serbia .
- Alkanna oreodoxa Huber-Morath : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alkanna orientalis (L.) Boiss. : It occurs in Greece, Algeria , the Sinai Peninsula , Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Armenia , Georgia and western Iran .
- Alkanna pamphylica Huber-Morath & Reese : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alkanna pelia (Halácsy) Rech. F. : It occurs in Greece.
- Alkanna phrygia Bornm. : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alkanna pinardii Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alkanna pindicola Hausskn. : It occurs in Albania, Greece and in the former Yugoslavia .
- Alkanna prasinophylla Rech. F. : It occurs in the area of Syria and Lebanon.
- Alkanna primuliflora Griseb. : It occurs in Bulgaria, Greece and the European part of Turkey.
- Alkanna pseudotinctoria Huber-Morath : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alkanna pulmonaria Griseb. : It occurs in Albania, Greece and in the former Yugoslavia.
- Alkanna punctulata Huber-Morath : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alkanna sandwithii Rech. F. : It occurs in Albania.
- Alkanna sartoriana Boiss. & Hero. : It occurs in Greece.
- Alkanna saxicola Huber-Morath : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alkanna scardica Griseb. : It occurs in Serbia and Albania.
- Alkanna shattuckia (Post) Post : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alkanna sieberi A.DC. : It occurs in Crete.
- Alkanna see ana Rech. F. : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alkanna stribrnyi Velen. : It occurs on the Balkan Peninsula .
- Alkanna strigosa Boiss. & High. : It occurs in Israel and in the area of Syria and Lebanon.
- Make-up root ( Alkanna tinctoria barter )
- Alkanna trichophila Huber-Morath : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alkanna tubulosa Boiss. : It occurs in the Aegean Sea and in the European and Asian parts of Turkey.
- Alkanna verecunda Huber-Morath : It occurs in Turkey.
- Alkanna viscidula Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey.
use
Alkannin , the raw material for coloring and make-up substances , is obtained from the root bark of the dyer's alkanna ( Alkanna tinctoria ), a blue-flowering species from the Mediterranean region . Alkannin (a naphthoquinone derivative) is approved as a lipophilic food color.
literature
- Rudolf Hänsel, Konstantin Keller, Horst Rimpler (eds.): Hager's handbook of pharmaceutical practice. Volume 4, Drugs A-D. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 1993, ISBN 3-540-52631-5 , pp. 175-179, limited preview in the Google book search
- Karl Heinz Rechinger: On the knowledge of the European species of the genus Alkanna. In: Annals of the Natural History Museum Vienna. Volume 68, 1965, pp. 191-220, PDF file.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax Benito Valdés, 2011: Boraginaceae. : Datasheet Alkanna In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
- ^ A b Alkanna in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ^ Alkanna tinctoria at Plants For A Future
Web links
- Thomas Meyer, Michael Hassler: Mediterranean and Alpine flora. [1]
Map with all linked sites: