Alpine hawkweed

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Alpine hawkweed
Hieracium alpinum a1.jpg

Alpine hawkweed ( Hieracium alpinum )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Tribe : Cichorieae
Genre : Hawkweed ( Hieracium )
Type : Alpine hawkweed
Scientific name
Hieracium alpinum
L.

The alpine hawkweed ( Hieracium alpinum ) is a plant from the genus of hawkweed ( Hieracium ) within the family of Compositae (Asteraceae). It is native to Europe and Greenland .

description

Illustration from Atlas of the Alpine Flora , Plate 293
Flower heads with involucre and ray florets in detail
Habit with inflorescences still closed in the habitat
Alpine hawkweed ( Hieracium alpinum )

Vegetative characteristics

The alpine hawkweed is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 10 to 25 centimeters. The upright stems are usually finely covered with 3 to 5 millimeters long, star-shaped glandular hairs. The base of the stem is also covered with rough, glandular and star-shaped hair.

Most of the leaves are arranged in a basal rosette, while there are no leaves or up to two or three leaves from the stem. The leaf blade is spatulate to elliptical or lanceolate approximately at a length of 2 to 8cm, and a width from 0.6 to 2 centimeters. The base of the blade is wedge-shaped and the tip of the blade is rounded to tapering to a point. The spreading margins are usually whole, but occasionally also serrated. Both the top and bottom of the leaves are covered with fine, coarse hairs 1 to 3 millimeters long.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period in Greenland extends from July to September. The umbrella-like total inflorescences contain only a single or two cup-shaped partial inflorescences. The inflorescence stem is covered with fine, rough, star-shaped glandular hairs. The involucre , which is more or less hemispherical with a diameter of 1.3 and 1.8 centimeters, contains 13 to 21 hairy bracts on the underside . The flower heads contain 80 to 120 yellow ray-flowers , which are 1.2 to 1.5 centimeters long. The achenes are columnar with a length of 3.5 to 4 millimeters. The pappus consists of 40 to 60 straw-colored bristles.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 27 or 36.

Occurrence

The natural range of the alpine hawkweed includes large parts of Europe and Greenland .

The alpine hawkweed thrives on Greenland at altitudes of 0 to 10 meters. Hieracium alpinum grows there on calcareous soils along rivers. In Central Europe, it thrives in the subalpine to alpine level on fresh, lime-poor, acidic, musty or peaty-humic, stony or pure clay or loam soils. It is a character type of the societies of the association Nardion, but also occurs in societies of the association Caricion curvulae. The subspecies Hieracium alpinum subsp. halleri is preferably found in the Empetro-Vaccinietum from the Loiseleurio-Vaccinion Association. In the Allgäu Alps, it usually occurs at altitudes between 1500 and 2300 meters.

Systematics

The first publication of Hieracium alpinum was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , Volume 2, page 800. A synonym for Hieracium alpinum L. is Hieracium angmagssalikense Omang .

Depending on the author, there are the following subspecies of Hieracium alpinum :

  • Hieracium alpinum L. subsp. alpinum
  • Hieracium alpinum subsp. augusti-bayeri Zlatník : It occurs in Romania and the Ukraine.
  • Hieracium alpinum subsp. eximiiform Dahlst.
  • Hieracium alpinum subsp. gymnogenum tooth : It occurs in Poland, Slovakia, Belarus and Romania.
  • Hieracium alpinum subsp. halleri (Vill.) Ces. : It occurs in France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Poland, Slovakia and in the former Yugoslavia.
  • Hieracium alpinum subsp. marcelli Paléz. & Zahn : It occurs in Italy.
  • Hieracium alpinum subsp. melanocephalum (exchange) tooth : It occurs in the Czech Republic, Poland, Austria and Liechtenstein.
  • Hieracium alpinum subsp. ormeanum tooth : It occurs in France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy and Austria.
  • Hieracium alpinum subsp. pseudofritzei (Benz & Zahn) Zahn : It occurs in Italy, Austria, Switzerland, Poland, Romania and Slovakia.
  • Hieracium alpinum subsp. tubulosum (exchange) tooth : It occurs in Poland and the Czech Republic.

swell

  • John L. Strother: Asteraceae . Hieracium . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae-Anthemideae). Volume 19. Oxford University Press, New York a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , Hieracium (English, Hieracium alpinum - online - this work is online with the same text.).

Individual evidence

  1. a b c Hieracium alpinum L., Alpine hawkweed. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. a b c d e f g John L. Strother: Asteraceae . Hieracium . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae-Anthemideae). Volume 19. Oxford University Press, New York a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , Hieracium (English, Hieracium alpinum - online - this work is online with the same text.).
  3. a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  1011 .
  4. Hieracium alpinum. In: The Euro + Med Plantbase Project. www.bgbm.org, accessed on September 30, 2016 (English).
  5. Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 701.
  6. a b c d e f g h i j k Werner Greuter , 2006+: Compositae (pro parte majore). In: Werner Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (Ed.): Compositae. Datasheet at Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
  7. Hieracium alpinum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed September 30, 2016.
  8. Hieracium alpinum subsp. alpinum L .. In: FloraWeb.de.
  9. Hieracium alpinum subsp. halleri (Vill.) Ces .. In: FloraWeb.de.

Web links

Commons : Alpine hawkweed ( Hieracium alpinum )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files