Old mosque of Edirne
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The Old Mosque ( Eski Cami ) is an Ottoman mosque building from the early 15th century in Edirne , Turkey . At the time of its establishment, Edirne was the capital of Rumelia , the European part of the Ottoman Empire . The building is one of the oldest surviving examples of early Ottoman architecture in the Balkans . Originally called the “Great” or “ Friday Mosque ” ( Ulu Cami ), it got its current name after the completion of the nearby Üç-Şerefeli Mosque .
Building history and architecture
The construction of the mosque was started on the orders of Suleyman Pasha, the eldest son of Orhans I, probably from 1402, according to a different opinion between 1406 and 1409 and, after Suleyman's death, was completed by his brother, Sultan Mehmed I , in 1416, as a calligraphic building inscription handed down. The mosque is located in the historic city center, close to the bazaar and the Muradiye, Üç-Şerefeli and Selimiye mosques .
The square prayer hall with a side length of 49.5 m is covered by nine large domes with a span of over 13 m, which rest on four pillars on pointed arches and are arranged in three rows of three domes. The central section of the northernmost row of domes serves as the entrance courtyard. The dome at the intersection of the longitudinal and transverse axes between the main entrance and the mihrab niche is crowned by a lantern above the dome's oculus . The domes on the longitudinal axis rest on octagonal drums . Here the transition to the dome takes place via trumpets , muqarnas stalactites and a number of triangular elements. The side domes are designed as simple pendent domes . The original plan did not include the vestibule or minarets that exist today. A large free-standing minaret was added later under Murad II , and another on the north corner much later. The northern vestibule with its five arcade niches was probably added under Mehmed II . Its central niche is also highlighted by a dome and a cornice projecting from the side niches with cross vaults. A marble door arch with a building inscription from 1753 highlights the central arcade . The interior is decorated with calligraphic inscriptions from the second half of the 19th century. The mihrab and minbar have been preserved in their original form despite being damaged by fire. Calligraphy is also on the north facade. A madrasa originally attached to the building complex has not been preserved.
After being damaged by fire and earthquakes, the Old Mosque was restored by Sultan Mahmud II in 1753, restored in 1924–1934 and most recently after the 1953 earthquake in 1965.
meaning
After the Treaty of Gallipoli (1403) between Byzantium , the republics of Genoa and Venice and the Knights of Malta , Suleyman Pasha began building a representative sultan's mosque. Its architectural style corresponds to the so-called Bursa style , named after the Green Mosque of Bursa , which takes up elements of the older Rum-Seljuk architecture. A more recent building inscription names Hacı Alaeddin from Konya , the former capital of the Seljuq Empire , as the architect .
Next to the mosque, Mehmed II built a large market hall ( Bedesten ) with many domes , also the first known of its kind in the Balkans. Together with the other nearby mosques, the buildings formed the new Ottoman city center of Edirne outside the urban area of the old Adrianople. The Bedesten of Edirne became the new trading center of the region, the income from the trade flowed into a pious foundation ( Vakıf ), which was supposed to secure the maintenance of the mosque. The market hall and the old mosque represent the claim to power of the Ottoman sultans of the time and their intention to permanently incorporate the newly conquered provinces into their empire.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Eski Cami on Archnet , accessed September 20, 2016.
- ^ A b c Machiel Kiel : Ottoman Expansion into the Balkans. In: Kate Fleet (ed.): The Cambridge History of Turkey, Vol. 1 . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 2009, ISBN 978-0-521-62093-2 , pp. 171-172 .
- ↑ Ömer Lütfi Barkan: Edirne ve Civarındaki Bazı İmâret Tesislerin Yıllık Muhasebe Bilânçoları. Belgeler 1,2 (1964), pp. 235-377, here p. 299