Old town of Zamość
| Old town of Zamość | |
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UNESCO world heritage 
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| At the Zamość Great Market |
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| National territory: |
 Poland
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| Type: | Culture |
| Criteria : | (iv) |
| Reference No .: | 564 |
| UNESCO region : | Europe and North America |
| History of enrollment | |
| Enrollment: | 1992 (session 16) |
The old town of Zamosc (Osiedle Stare Miasto) in the eastern Polish town of Zamosc [ zamɔɕt͡ɕ ] is a planned city of the Renaissance of the late 16th century. Since 1992 she has been a UNESCO - World Heritage Site . The city illustrates the blending of the architectural traditions of Italy and Central Europe. The floor plan, fortifications and a large number of buildings have been preserved.
history
The city owes its name to its founder Jan Zamoyski , who u. a. had studied in Padua and from 1576, at the time of the Lublin Union with Lithuania , held the highest state offices. The city was built from 1578 according to the ideas of the Venetian master builder Bernardo Morando in the style of the Italian Renaissance, which earned it the name Padua of the North .
In 1720, a synod of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church took place in Zamość , where important decisions were made to reform the liturgy . The fortress was a center of Polish resistance in the November uprising (1830–31).
The buildings in the old town have been renovated since the 1970s.
building
- Town hall with a curved flight of stairs and a 52 m high octagonal clock tower on the market square.
- The collegiate church , built from 1587 to 1630 according to a design by Bernardo Morando, is one of Poland's most beautiful churches from the Mannerist period . It is the cathedral church of the Zamość-Lubaczów diocese , which has existed since 1992 .
- Four more churches, one convent.
- Old Synagogue ( Synagoga Dawna w Zamościu ), built 1610–1618; 19th century mikvah .
- Colorful, richly decorated town houses (approx. 1540–1600) grouped around three markets:
- Big market
- Salt market
- Water market
- Home of the communist politician Rosa Luxemburg (1871-1919) on the Großer Markt, Staszica 37, on which there was a memorial plaque until March 13, 2018.
- Building of the former Akademia Zamojska, built 1639–1648.
- Zamość Castle, built 1579–1586, expanded in the 18th and 19th centuries.
- Zamość fortress with arsenal and 5 city gates, 1618 one of the strongest in Poland-Lithuania , after 1866 partly razed and dilapidated.
Others
Ten kilometers south of the city extends the Roztocze range of hills , a UNESCO biosphere reserve with the Roztocze National Park since 2011 .
literature
- Hans-Joachim Rieseberg, Eberhard Sommer: Reconstruction and restoration of historical cityscapes in Poland . publica Verlagsgesellschaft, Berlin 1985. ISBN 3-89087-024-4 .
- Fritz Stuber : Notes on the revaluation of historic cities in Poland . In Swiss engineer and architect. Volume 104, No. 21, Zurich 1986. pp. 506–516.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Unwanted person: Rosa L. Neues Deutschland March 24, 2018, p. 1.
Web links
- Official website of the city (in several languages)
- About the Renaissance city of Zamość
- Georg Braun : Illustration of the city 1617 in Civitates orbis terrarum
- UNESCO.org: Old City of Zamość. (Official List of World Heritage Sites; Eng.)
Heritage: Historic Center of Krakow (1978) | Royal Salt Mines Wieliczka and Bochnia (1978, 2013) | Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp (1979) | Warsaw Old Town (1980) | Zamość Old Town (1992) | Old Town of Toruń (1997) | Deutschordensburg Marienburg (1997) | Kalwaria Zebrzydowska Park (1999) | Silesian Peace Churches (2001) | Wooden churches in southern Lesser Poland (2003) | Fürst-Pückler-Park Bad Muskau (2004) | Centennial Hall in Wroclaw (2006) | Wooden Churches of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine (2013) | Tarnowskie Góry Silver Mine (2017) | Krzemionki - mining region of prehistoric extraction of banded flint (2019)
Natural heritage: Bialowieza Forest (1979)
Coordinates: 50 ° 43 ' N , 23 ° 15' E