Amazon Kindle
Amazon Kindle [ ˈʔæməzən 'kɪndl̩ ] (English to kindle , kindle , kindle, kindle) is a series of e-book readers from Amazon . The devices can be used to download and read electronic books ( e-books or e-books ), electronic magazines and electronic newspapers (e-papers) from Amazon.
With the fourth version of the e-book reader, Amazon also introduced the Kindle Fire tablet computer .
history
| November 2007 | The first generation has been available in the United States since November 2007. Amazon says it offers over 1,215,000 electronic books and a number of electronic newspapers, mostly in English, for its devices. |
| February 2009 | The second generation is presented at a press conference. The Kindle 2 was both technically improved and changed in design. The Taiwanese company Prime View International Co., Ltd manufactured the Kindle 2 and the Kindle DX on behalf of Amazon. |
| March 2009 | In the USA Amazon offers an application for the Apple iPhone, also called Kindle . Other applications with which the Kindle content can be displayed are available for the Windows , Mac OS X , iOS and Blackberry platforms . |
| June 2009 | In June 2009 Prime View International took over the US company E Ink Corporation, the manufacturer of displays for the Kindle. |
| October 2009 | The Kindle is also available outside of the USA, for example in Germany and in a hundred other countries. For a long time the Kindle could only be ordered via the US Amazon site, but now this is also possible via the German Amazon site. An international version of the Kindles became available, in which a 3G module ( UMTS modem) was installed, with which content can be accessed worldwide on the Kindle. |
| June 2010 | Kindle applications for Android have been around since June 28, 2010 . |
| January 2011 | Since January 2011 there are Kindle applications for Windows Phone . |
| April 2011 | The third generation is also available via Amazon.de, but still only with English user guidance. At the same time Amazon.de opened a Kindle shop. |
| October 2011 | The fourth generation of the Kindle devices Kindle 4 is available in Germany, the Kindle Touch only since spring 2012 (since September 28, 2011 in the USA). For the first time, the devices contain multilingual menu navigation and are available with a touchscreen and in a version without a touchscreen. At the same time, Amazon also presented the Kindle Fire tablet computer , which will only be called Fire from September 2014 . |
| October 2012 | The fifth generation can be ordered in Germany (announced in the USA on September 6, 2012). The Kindle Paperwhite is an e-book reader with a lighter background and lighting integrated in the display. |
| October 2013 | The sixth generation of the Kindle is available with a second generation of the Kindle Paperwhite (announced September 3, 2013). The Kindle version with hardware buttons (Kindle 1 to Kindle 5) was withdrawn from the market on October 15, 2013 (after special offers of 25 euros). |
| November 2013 | The 3G version of the Kindle Paperwhite (6th generation) was released on November 6, 2013. |
| October 2014 | The seventh generation with Kindle Voyage is available. |
| 2015 | The seventh generation of the Kindle is available with a third generation of the Kindle Paperwhite. |
| April 2016 | The eighth generation with Kindle Oasis is available. |
| October 2017 | A ninth generation is introduced with a new edition of the Kindle Oasis. |
Technical key data
- The screen of the monochrome Kindle models is based on the concept of electronic paper , which, unlike tablet computers and other devices with TFT or AMOLED screens, is easy to read even in high-contrast sunlight.
- The Kindle models with the addition of 3G have a mobile radio interface with which electronic books, magazines and newspapers can be purchased or subscribed to worldwide from the Kindle store, the Amazon webshop, via the so-called Whispernet without additional transmission fees . The beginning of each e-book can be read free of charge as a reading sample, after payment the entire e-book is transferred to the Kindle.
- The books, magazines and newspapers purchased can be protected by digital rights management (DRM).
- Supported display formats are Kindle (.azw), Text (.txt), Image (.jpeg, .gif, .png, .bmp), Portable Document Format (.pdf) and Mobipocket (.mobi, .prc).
- The Kindle (up to 3rd generation and keyboard, touch) can also play audio files in MP3 (.mp3) and Audible Audio (.aa) formats and has a built-in loudspeaker as well as a 3.5 mm stereo output .
- Part of the e-book reader system software is based on GNU / Linux ; the source code of the open source software used was published by Amazon before the first Kindle went on sale. The source code of the in-house developments was not published.
- The Portable Document Format (.pdf) is displayed on a full line and is not automatically broken; a zoom function consists of simultaneous touching with two fingers and pulling apart.
equipment
Note: "( x. Generation)" is part of the device name!
Kindle
Kindle (1st generation)
The first model of the Kindle (2007) was unveiled on November 19, 2007 and sold for $ 399 . The battery life was around two days with the wireless interface switched on, and around 8,000 page changes with the wireless interface switched off. The device weighed 292 grams and measured 19.1 × 13.5 × 1.8 centimeters. It contained a 15.2 cm grayscale screen with 600 × 800 pixels and has 256 MB of internal memory for about 200 books. The memory could be expanded with SD memory cards so that further books could be stored there. The content was available from Amazon over Sprint Corporation's US-wide EVDO- 3G data network using a dedicated interconnection protocol Amazon called Whispernet . Amazon did not sell the first generation Kindle outside of the United States.
| Processor: | 400 MHz |
| RAM : | 64 MB |
| Storage: | 256 MB (180 MB available) |
| Display: | 6 inches, 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI, 4 gray levels |
| Connectivity: | USB 2.0, WLAN , EVDO 3G cellular network , SD card , 3.5 mm headphone connection |
| Battery pack: | 1.53 Ah |
| Dimension: | 203 mm × 135 mm × 20 mm |
| Weight: | 290 g |
Kindle (2nd generation)
On February 9, 2009, Amazon announced the second generation of the Kindle, the Kindle 2 (2009), which has been available since February 23, 2009 for $ 359 and from June 2010 for $ 189. was sold. Since October 19, 2009, in addition to the original US model, an international version that used other telecommunications networks was offered in the USA. The USA version used CDMA2000 for use on the Sprint network. The international version used standard GSM and 3G GSM, so it can be used in AT & T's US cellular network and internationally in 100 other countries. On October 22, 2009, the all-American version was taken off the market.
Compared to its predecessor, thanks to its 1,530 mAh capacity, the device had a longer battery life, around 20 percent faster image display and voice output; In addition, the thickness of the device has been reduced from around 2 to 1 centimeter, saving the slot for SD memory cards and having 2 GB of internal memory, 1.4 GB of which is available to the user, so that up to around 1,500 books can be stored there could.
In order to promote sales, Stephen King's new novella UR was made available exclusively for the Kindle.
| Processor: | 532 MHz |
| R.A.M: | 32 MB |
| Storage: | 2 GB (1.4 GB available) |
| Display: | 6 inches, 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI, 16 levels of gray |
| Connectivity: | USB 2.0, cellular 3G , headphone jack 3.5 mm |
| Battery pack: | 1.53 Ah |
| Dimension: | 203 mm × 135 mm × 9 mm |
| Weight: | 290 g |
Kindle Keyboard (3rd Generation)
On July 29, 2010, Amazon announced the third generation of the Kindle, the Kindle 3 (2010), which is flatter, faster and cheaper than its predecessors. The device has been delivered since August 2010 and is available in versions with and without UMTS . The price fell to $ 139 or $ 189, depending on the features. The display size of the second generation of six inches was retained, but the contrast was increased by 50 percent. Thanks to WLAN and the browser based on WebKit and referred to as experimental, it is possible to view web content, such as articles from online magazines (Article Mode). The Kindle 3 was offered from April 2011 on Amazon Germany, from September 28, 2011 as a Kindle Keyboard 3G as a distinction to the Kindle Touch .
| Processor: | 532 MHz |
| R.A.M: | 256 MB |
| Storage: | 4 GB (3 GB available) |
| Display: | 6 inches, 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI, 16 levels of gray |
| Connectivity: | USB 2.0, WLAN 802.11b / g, 3.5 mm headphone connection, optional cellular 3G |
| Battery pack: | 1.75 Ah |
| Dimension: | 191 mm × 122 mm × 9 mm |
| Weight: | 241 g |
Kindle (4th generation)
In February 2011, the fourth generation of the Kindle, the Kindle 4 (2011), appeared without a physical keyboard. Text entries are made using a virtual keyboard, which for the first time also enables European special characters. Hardware buttons and a hardware cursor pad are available for navigation and scrolling. Weighing in at 170 grams, it was the lightest Kindle to date.
The devices offer a 6-inch e-ink display, which is set by default in such a way that the display is only refreshed after every sixth page. This has the positive effect that turning the pages is much more fluid and the page inverting required for refreshing occurs less frequently. The disadvantage is that ghosting effects occur, i. H. on one side, remnants of the previous side remain, even if only weakly recognizable. Compared to the previous model, the battery capacity and memory size have been reduced and the audio part and thus the reading function have been omitted.
It has a graphite colored case.
| Processor: | 800 MHz |
| R.A.M: | 256 MB |
| Storage: | 2 GB (1.25 GB available) |
| Display: | 6 inches, 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI, 16 levels of gray |
| Connectivity: | USB 2.0, WLAN 802.11b / g / n |
| Battery pack: | 890 mAh |
| Dimension: | 165 mm × 114 mm × 9 mm |
| Weight: | 170 g |
Kindle (5th generation)
In September 2012, the Kindle 5 was released with a black case.
| Processor: | 800 MHz |
| R.A.M: | 256 MB |
| Storage: | 2 GB (1.25 GB available) |
| Display: | 6 inches, 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI, 16 levels of gray |
| Connectivity: | USB 2.0, WLAN 802.11b / g / n |
| Battery pack: | 890 mAh |
| Dimension: | 165 mm × 114 mm × 9 mm |
| Weight: | 170 g |
Kindle (7th Generation)
The Kindle 7 (2014) has been available with 167 ppi on a touch-sensitive screen since October 2, 2014
| Processor: | 1 GHz |
| R.A.M: | 256 MB |
| Storage: | 4 GB (3 GB available) |
| Display: | 6 inches, 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI, 16 levels of gray |
| Connectivity: | USB 2.0, WLAN 802.11b / g / n |
| Battery pack: | 890 mAh |
| Dimension: | 170 mm × 119 mm × 10 mm |
| Weight: | 191 g |
Kindle (8th Generation)
The Kindle 8 was released in July 2016 and has no physical buttons on the front of the device. It is made with white and black casing. It supports bluetooth .
| Processor: | 1 GHz |
| R.A.M: | 512 MB |
| Storage: | 4 GB (3 GB available) |
| Display: | 6 inches, 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI, 16 levels of gray |
| Connectivity: | USB 2.0, WLAN 802.11b / g / n, Bluetooth |
| Battery pack: | ? mAh |
| Dimension: | 160 mm × 114 mm × 9 mm |
| Weight: | 161 g |
Kindle (10th Generation)
On March 20, 2019, Amazon announced the Kindle 9 , which is the first front light on a simple Kindle. The front light uses 4 LEDs compared to the Paperwhite with 5 LEDs. Kindle 9 uses a 6-inch display with higher contrast than previous base Kindles and has the same 167 ppi resolution. It is made with white and black body and it can be connected via bluetooth headphones or external speakers.
| Processor: | 800 MHz |
| R.A.M: | 512 MB |
| Storage: | 4 GB (2.5 GB available) |
| Display: | 6 inches, 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI, 16 gray levels, 4 LED backlighting |
| Connectivity: | micro USB 2.0, WLAN 802.11b / g / n, Bluetooth |
| Battery pack: | ? mAh |
| Dimension: | 160 mm × 113 mm × 9 mm |
| Weight: | 174 g |
Kindle DX
Kindle DX (2nd generation)
On May 6, 2009, Amazon announced the Kindle DX (2009) with a 9.7-inch E Ink screen and 16 shades of gray. The resolution is 1200 × 824 pixels at 150 ppi. The case is 264 × 180 mm and 9.7 mm thick and contains a keyboard. The weight is 536 grams. The Kindle DX went on sale June 10, 2009 (May 2009, White, US Wireless). This device has a larger screen than the standard Kindle and supports PDF files. It is marketed as more suitable for viewing newspaper and textbook content, includes built-in speakers, and has an accelerometer that allows users to seamlessly rotate pages between landscape and portrait when the Kindle DX is turned on its side. The device can only connect to Whispernet in the United States.
On January 19, 2010, the international version of Kindle DX was released in over 100 countries. The international version of the Kindle DX is the same as the Kindle DX, except that international 3G data is supported (White, International Wireless).
| Processor: | 532 MHz |
| R.A.M: | 128 MB |
| Storage: | 4 GB (3 GB available) |
| Display: | 9.7 inches, 824 × 1200 pixels, 150 PPI, 16 levels of gray |
| Connectivity: | USB 2.0, cellular 3G, headphone jack 3.5 mm |
| Battery pack: | 1.53 Ah |
| Dimension: | 264 mm × 183 mm × 10 mm |
| Weight: | 540 g |
Kindle DX Graphite
On July 1, 2010, Amazon released the Kindle DX Graphite (DXG) worldwide. The DXG has an E-Ink display with a 50% better contrast ratio due to the E-Ink Pearl technology and is only available in a graphite housing color. It is speculated that the change in case color should further improve the perception of the contrast ratio, as some users found the previous white case to be highlighted, with the e-ink background being light gray, not white. Like the Kindle DX, it does not have a Wi-Fi connection. The DXG is a mix of third generation hardware and second generation software. The CPU is the same speed as the Kindle keyboard's CPU, but the DXG only has half the system memory (128MB). Because of these differences, the DXG runs the same firmware as the Kindle 2. Therefore, DXG cannot display international fonts such as Cyrillic, Chinese, or any other non-Latin font. The PDF support and web browser are limited to conforming to the Kindle 2 features.
Amazon took the Kindle DX out of sale in October 2012, but made it available again for a few months in September 2013. 3G data is free to use when you access the Kindle Store and Wikipedia. Downloading personal documents over 3G data costs about $ 1 per megabyte. The battery life is about a week with 3G switched on and two weeks with 3G switched off. Text-to-Speech and MP3 playback are supported.
Kindle Touch
Kindle Touch (4th Generation)
The Kindle Touch was released in September 2011 . It has an optical touchscreen and corresponds to the "Kindle Keyboard" in terms of battery capacity and memory size. The Kindle Touch 3G variant also has a cellular component. The weight of the touch is 213 grams, with 3G 220 grams.
In July 2012, a security vulnerability in the browser became known, through which any commands can be executed as root user on the device by calling up a prepared website. The vulnerability is actively exploited by a web-based jailbreak, whereby the Kindle Touch can be unlocked by visiting a special website.
Amazon gradually withdrew the Kindle Touch (2012) from the market. October 2012 the device was no longer available in Great Britain , other countries followed.
| Processor: | 800 MHz |
| R.A.M: | 256 MB |
| Storage: | 4 GB (3 GB available) |
| Display: | 6 inches, 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI, 16 levels of gray |
| Connectivity: | USB 2.0, WLAN 802.11b / g / n, 3.5 mm headphone jack |
| Battery pack: | 1.42 Ah |
| Dimension: | 173 mm × 119 mm × 10 mm |
| Weight: | 213 g |
Kindle Paperwhite
Kindle Paperwhite (5th Generation)
The Kindle Paperwhite has been available since October 2012 (Europe November 2012) and has a display with a higher resolution (212 ppi, 1024 × 758 pixels, almost XGA ) and lighting that provides higher contrast. At 213 grams, it is around a quarter heavier than the lightest Kindle to date and 15% heavier than the Kobo Glo or the Cybook Odyssey HD FrontLight with similar key data. The device has 1,359 MB of storage space. After multiple criticism, Amazon pointed out that the illumination at the lower edge is not necessarily even. The lack of hardware buttons for scrolling, the selection of supplied fonts and the fact that the software does not manage automatic hyphenation to make the justification appear more balanced are also criticized. Software updates include a. Optimizations of the fonts.
| Processor: | 800 MHz |
| R.A.M: | 256 MB |
| Storage: | 2 GB (1.25 GB available) |
| Display: | 6 inches, 768 × 1024 pixels, 212 PPI, 16 gray levels, LED backlight |
| Connectivity: | USB 2.0, WLAN 802.11b / g / n |
| Battery pack: | 1.47 Ah |
| Dimension: | 170 mm × 117 mm × 9 mm |
| Weight: | 213 g |
Kindle Paperwhite (6th Generation)
The second generation of the Kindle Paperwhite (model 2013) is equipped with the screen technology E-Ink-Carta. Thanks to better black and white values, this provides a contrast that is 50% higher than the previously used E-Ink-Pearl technology, according to Amazon. Amazon also claims to have improved the screen lighting, built in a 25% faster processor, and made the touchscreen grid 19% more dense. The dimensions of the device have not changed, the weight has decreased from 213 to 206 grams. In addition to the hardware innovations, there are also some minor changes to the software, such as the integration of the Goodreads social reading network . The price of the new model is the same as that of the previous model and is also only available in black.
Devices manufactured in July 2014 or later have 3,174 MB of available storage space.
| Processor: | 1 GHz |
| R.A.M: | 256 MB |
| Storage: | 2 GB (1.25 GB available) or 4 GB (3 GB available) |
| Display: | 6 inches, 768 × 1024 pixels, 212 PPI, 16 gray levels, LED backlight |
| Connectivity: | USB 2.0, WLAN 802.11b / g / n, optional cellular 3G |
| Battery pack: | 1.47 Ah |
| Dimension: | 170 mm × 117 mm × 9 mm |
| Weight: | 206 g (WLAN) |
Kindle Paperwhite (7th Generation)
The third generation of the Kindle Paperwhite (2015 model) has a screen resolution of 300 ppi and is available in black and white.
| Processor: | 800 MHz |
| R.A.M: | 512 MB |
| Storage: | 4 GB (3 GB available) |
| Display: | 6 inches, 1072 × 1448 pixels, 300 PPI, 16 gray levels, LED backlight |
| Connectivity: | USB 2.0, WLAN 802.11b / g / n, optional cellular 3G |
| Battery pack: | 1.32 Ah |
| Dimension: | 170 mm × 117 mm × 9 mm |
| Weight: | 205 g (WLAN) or 217 g (WLAN + 3G) |
Kindle Paperwhite (10th Generation)
Amazon released the fourth generation of the Kindle Paperwhite (2018 model) on November 7, 2018. It has a 6-inch display with a plastic surface based on Amazon's own design with 300 ppi and a flush screen with five LED lights. It's waterproof with an IPX8 rating, so it can be submerged two meters in fresh water for up to an hour. It supports audiobook playback by connecting to external bluetooth speakers or headphones.
| 8 GB, | WIRELESS INTERNET ACCESS, | 120 EUR with advertising, | 140 EUR without advertising |
| 32 GB, | WIRELESS INTERNET ACCESS, | 150 EUR with advertising, | 170 EUR without advertising |
| 32 GB, | WiFi + 4G LTE, | 230 EUR without advertising |
| Processor: | 800 MHz |
| R.A.M: | 512 MB |
| Storage: | 8 GB (6 GB available) or 32 GB (30 GB available) |
| Display: | 6 inches, 1072 × 1448 pixels, 300 PPI, 16 gray levels, 5 LED backlighting |
| Connectivity: | USB 2.0, WLAN 802.11b / g / n, Bluetooth (audio output), optional 4G cellular network |
| Battery pack: | ? Ah |
| Dimension: | 167 mm × 116 mm × 8.18 mm |
| Weight: | 182 g (WLAN) or 191 g (WLAN + 4G) |
Kindle Voyage
Kindle Voyage (7th Generation)
Kindle Voyage has been available since October 21, 2014 (or November 2014). With a 300 ppi E-Ink Carta HD display, it offered the highest resolution to date with a weight of 180 grams (3G: 188 grams). The so-called Pagepress buttons are four pressure-sensitive areas for scrolling, which optionally trigger a short vibration when pressed.
| Processor: | 1 GHz |
| R.A.M: | 512 MB |
| Storage: | 4 GB (3 GB available) |
| Display: | 6 inches, 1072 × 1448 pixels, 300 PPI, 16 gray levels, LED backlight |
| Connectivity: | USB 2.0, WLAN 802.11b / g / n |
| Battery pack: | 1.32 Ah |
| Dimension: | 163 mm × 114 mm × 8 mm |
| Weight: | 180 g |
Kindle Oasis
Kindle Oasis describes two Kindle with an asymmetrical design including two hardware buttons for scrolling. The devices were presented in April 2016 and October 2017, respectively. A software update should contain new fonts and the possibility to invert the display. They have a Bluetooth interface.
Kindle Oasis (8th Generation)
The device, which appeared on April 27, 2016 for 290 euros, is lighter and slimmer than its predecessor Voyage at 131 grams . A large part of the battery is stored in the supplied case, the battery combination should last two months. Ten LEDs in the thicker part of the device provide brightness-adjustable lighting. Users report visible halos.
| Processor: | 1 GHz |
| R.A.M: | 512 MB |
| Storage: | 4 GB (3 GB available) |
| Display: | 6 inches, 1072 × 1448 pixels, 300 PPI, 16 gray levels, LED backlight |
| Connectivity: | USB 2.0, WLAN 802.11b / g / n, Bluetooth |
| Battery pack: | 245 mAh (1.535 Ah with cover) |
| Dimension: | 142 mm × 122 mm × 3 mm (8 mm with cover) |
| Weight: | 131 g (238 g with cover) |
Kindle Oasis (9th Generation)
On October 11, 2017, Amazon presented a new waterproof version of the Oasis, which is seven inches (17 centimeters) larger than its predecessor and does not have to split the battery in two. Audiobooks can be played via a Bluetooth connection. The reader, which has been available since the end of October 2017, weighs 194 grams and is available for 230 euros.
| Processor: | 1 GHz |
| R.A.M: | 512 MB |
| Storage: | 8 GB (6 GB available) or 32 GB (30 GB available) |
| Display: | 7 inches, 1680 × 1264 pixels, 300 PPI, 16 gray levels, LED backlight |
| Connectivity: | USB 2.0, WLAN 802.11b / g / n, Bluetooth |
| Battery pack: | 1 Ah |
| Dimension: | 160 mm × 142 mm × 8 mm |
| Weight: | 194 g |
Kindle Oasis (10th Generation)
On July 24, 2019, Amazon launched the 3rd generation Kindle Oasis, which is colloquially known as Oasis 3 . Outwardly, it is almost identical to the 2nd generation Oasis: waterproof, aluminum on the outside, Bluetooth support and micro-USB for charging. It has a 12-LED backlight that can be used to adjust the color temperature for warmer tones. This is the first Kindle that can.
The Verge gave the Oasis 3 an 8 out of 10 and praised its design, display, and warmer e-ink display, but criticized its high cost, lack of USB-C, and lackluster update over the 2017 model.
| Processor: | i.MX7 Dual Core 1 GHz |
| R.A.M: | 512 MB |
| Storage: | 8 GB (6.2 GB available) or 32 GB (30.2 GB available) |
| Display: | 7 inches, 1680 × 1264 pixels, 300 PPI, 16 gray levels, 12 LED backlighting |
| Connectivity: | USB 2.0, WLAN 802.11b / g / n, Bluetooth |
| Battery pack: | 1130 mAh |
| Dimension: | 159 mm × 141 mm × 3.4 - 8.4 mm |
| Weight: | 188 g |
Kindle on other platforms
Kindle books can also be read on other platforms such as Mac OS X , Android , iOS , BlackBerry OS and various Microsoft Windows systems. For this purpose, software (app) is installed on the respective platform. The content (books, notes, bookmarks, current reading position) can be synchronized via the Amazon Whispernet . Furthermore, the web application "Kindle Cloud Reader" enables books that are located in the Kindle Cloud to be read in the web browser.
Marketing and market position
When marketing the Kindle, Amazon uses the strategy of viral marketing , marketing through recommendation. In an online contact forum operated by Amazon with the slogan “See a Kindle in Your City”, interested parties and potential buyers have the opportunity to make contact with an already convinced user of the e-book reader in their area, to meet with them to look at the device and to be explained. In this way, since the device was launched on the market, a fairly large and growing social network has emerged , especially in metropolises in the United States.
In February 2009, the American writer Stephen King published the novella UR , which is currently only available exclusively on a Kindle and which also deals with this device.
After failed negotiations with the German telecommunications providers, Amazon announced in June 2009 that Kindle would not appear on the German market in the foreseeable future. In July 2009, the price in the USA fell by a seventh to 299 dollars, and a plagiarism of the Kindle 2 appeared in China . Since October 19, 2009, however, it has also been available in Germany. On April 21, 2011, the German Kindle Store went online with German content.
In the summer of 2010, Amazon USA purchased more Kindle books than hardcover books. In June 2010 the mail order company sold 180 Kindle books for every 100 conventional books. This means that sales of e-books in the first half of 2010 more than tripled compared to the first half of 2009. One reason for the increased numbers is the further decrease in the price of the Kindle, which has tripled sales of the devices. In July 2010, the hardware was priced at $ 189. On May 19, 2011, Amazon announced that since April 1, 2011, 105 paid e-books for every 100 printed books were sold on Amazon.com; Free e-books are not included.
So far there is no official information on the number of Kindle devices sold so far; Estimates at the beginning of 2010 were 3,000,000 units sold by the end of 2009. In a study in March 2011, IDC published worldwide sales of around 12.8 million e-book readers for 2010, including 48% (≈ 6.1 million). ) Amazon Kindle models. After the introduction of the Kindle 4 models at the end of 2011, Amazon published sales figures for the first time: between mid-November and mid-December 2011, over a million Kindle devices were sold weekly ; this includes all available devices (Kindle 3 / Keyboard, Kindle 4 and Kindle Fire).
Kindle Direct Publishing
With Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP), Amazon provides a platform that allows authors and (small) publishers to publish e-books on Amazon. The service is offered free of charge, but Amazon retains 30–65% of the sales as commission. When publishing, the author may a. the sales price and the distribution area, but Amazon reserves the right to change prices independently. The decision as to whether the e-book is provided with DRM also rests with the author or the publisher.
Digital rights management (DRM)
The Amazon Kindle system, consisting of a Kindle shop, Kindle devices and reading apps for PCs, tablets and smartphones, uses Amazon's own digital rights management (DRM). DRM-protected books purchased through the Kindle Store can only be read on devices and apps that are registered to an Amazon account. This is to prevent the e-books from being passed on.
The publisher or the author determines whether an e-book is provided with or without DRM, not Amazon.
The DRM of the Kindle has been cracked, so that a removal of the copy protection is possible under certain conditions.
Side loading
DRM-free e-books from other sources or self-created texts in the formats DOC, DOCX, PDF, HTML, TXT, RTF, JPEG, GIF, PNG, BMP, PRC and MOBI can be sent to the device by e-mail and then read in Kindle format ( AZW or AZW3).
Furthermore, documents in Kindle format or as MOBI files can be transferred to the device via USB cable or uploaded as a "document" to the cloud of your own customer account at Amazon and accessed from there by all connected devices and reading apps become. The free storage for "documents" is currently limited to 2 GB.
VAT on purchased e-books
Kindle e-books were taxed at 3% sales tax in Luxembourg until December 31, 2014. Therefore, buyers outside of Luxembourg received a proof of purchase with no VAT shown.
Since January 1, 2015, customers from the EU are taxed according to the customer country.
criticism
- Copy protection
- Using a proprietary DRM system, e-books purchased from Amazon can only be opened by Kindle e-book readers (and Kindle apps). In addition, some functions of the Kindles cannot be used without an active customer account or when blocked. In addition, access to information can be restricted retrospectively. Only with DRM-free ebooks from Amazon can the format be converted for other e-book readers. Copy- protected epub and PDF files cannot be read by Kindle.
- Deleting e-books
- On July 17, 2009, Amazon deleted certain Kindle articles purchased through the Kindle Store, including Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell, from its customers' devices because the publisher lacked the rights to publish it as an e-book. After loud protests, Amazon spokesman Drew Herdener announced that this should no longer happen in the future.
- Reading function
- According to the Authors Guild, the reading function of the Kindle keyboard violates the audio rights of the authors and is illegal. The Kindle turns books into audiobooks without this secondary use being remunerated by Amazon. For this reason, Amazon has given publishers the option of deactivating the reading function for individual books.
Web links
- amazon.de - Kindle 4 official site
- amazon.de - Kindle 3 official site
- amazon.com - Kindle 2 official site (English)
- amazon.com - Kindle official site (English)
- amazon.com - Kindle DX official site (English)
- Electronic books change reading - Interview with Ulrich Johannes Schneider on July 23, 2008
Individual evidence
- ↑ Results for kindle. In: Cambridge Dictionaries Online: British English Dictionary. Cambridge University Press, accessed April 30, 2012 .
- ↑ Andreas Tanzer: E-Book: The library in the handbag. In: DiePresse.com. Die Presse Digital, November 23, 2007, accessed April 30, 2012 .
- ↑ Achim Barczok: Kindle the second. In: Heise online . February 9, 2009 . Retrieved December 8, 2016.
- ↑ Kindle contract manufacturer buys E Ink . In: golem.de . June 2, 2009.
- ↑ Kindle For Windows Phone 7 Available In The Marketplace ( English ) In: pocketnow.com . Retrieved on February 19, 2011. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ Kindle, 6 "E Ink Display, Wi-Fi - Includes Special Offers (Graphite) ( English ) In: amazon.com . US Amazon Shop. Retrieved September 28, 2011.
- ↑ Amazon brings iPad competition and new e-book readers . In: focus.de . Focus Online . May 11, 2015.
- ↑ Amazon changes the name of the Kindle . In: allesebook.de . EverythingEbook. Retrieved on September 21, 2014. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ Kindle Paperwhite (5th generation), 15 cm (6 inch) high-resolution display (212 ppi) with integrated lighting, WLAN . In: amazon.de . Retrieved October 12, 2012.
- ↑ Kindle Paperwhite, 15 cm (6 inch) high-resolution display with integrated next-generation lighting, WLAN . In: amazon.de . Retrieved September 4, 2013.
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- ↑ Kindle DX Wireless Reading Device, Free 3G, 3G Works Globally, Graphite, 9.7 "Display with New E Ink Pearl Technology: Kindle Store ( English ) In: amazon.com . Amazon . Archived from the original on May 1, 2011. Retrieved on March 19, 2011.
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- ↑ Annika Demgen: Kindle Touch: Amazon ends the sale of the e-book reader. In: netzwelt.de. Netzwelt , October 23, 2012, accessed October 14, 2012 .
- ↑ Michael Knott: E-Reader: Amazon Kindle Paperwhite comes to Germany. In: netzwelt.de. Netzwelt , October 12, 2012, accessed on October 12, 2012 .
- ↑ Customer Showcase: Kindle Paperwhite by Amazon. (No longer available online.) In: eink.com. EInk , archived from the original on October 27, 2012 ; accessed on October 6, 2012 (English): "approx. 62% more pixels: 800 * 600 * 1.62 / 1024 = 759.375 "
- ↑ Kindle Paperwhite - Touch Screen EReader with Built-In Light. In: amazon.com. Amazon , October 12, 2012, accessed September 7, 2012 .
- ↑ We want you to know ... ( English ) In: amazon.com . Amazon . Archived from the original on October 18, 2012.
- ^ John Gruber: Daring Fireball: Kindle Paperwhite. In: daringfireball.net. October 12, 2012, accessed on October 15, 2012 (English): “There should not just be buttons for page-turning, but great buttons. [...] require fonts that were chosen or designed with the limitations of e-ink in mind. [...] a dedicated e-reader in 2012 has no excuse for not including a good auto-hyphenation algorithm "
- ↑ Amazon.com Help: Kindle Paperwhite Software Update 5.3.0. (No longer available online.) In: amazon.com. Amazon , November 7, 2012, formerly in the original ; accessed on November 10, 2012 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ E Ink Carta. (PDF; 1.1 MB) (No longer available online.) In: eink.com. E Ink Holding, September 5, 2013, formerly in the original ; accessed on September 5, 2013 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ Michael Schäfer: Amazon Kindle Paperwhite receives more memory unnoticed. In: computerbase.de. ComputerBase , July 26, 2014, accessed August 11, 2014 .
- ↑ a b c d data sheet Kindle Paperwhite (7th generation) . In: papierlos-lesen.de . July 1, 2015. Retrieved November 25, 2017.
- ↑ Technical Details , Amazon.de, accessed December 26, 2018
- ↑ a b c Kindle Paperwhite . In: amazon.de . Amazon . Retrieved December 27, 2018.
- ↑ a b c d data sheet Paperwhite (10th generation) . In: papierlos-lesen.de . Retrieved December 27, 2018.
- ↑ Martin Holland: Kindle Oasis: New e-reader with a larger display, without a battery cover and with audio books. heise.de, October 11, 2017, accessed on October 11, 2017 .
- ↑ Kindle Oasis officially presented: All details and information (comments). (No longer available online.) Allesebook.de, archived from the original on April 27, 2016 ; Retrieved April 27, 2016 .
- ↑ Johannes Haupt: Seven inch panel, waterproof, Audible support. read.net, October 11, 2017, accessed October 11, 2017 .
- ↑ Chaim Gartenberg: The new Kindle Oasis lets you adjust color temperature for night reading ( English ) In: theverge.com . The Verge . 19th June 2019.
- ↑ Chaim Gartenberg: Amazon Kindle Oasis 2019 review: getting warmer ( English ) In: theverge.com . The Verge . July 24, 2019. Accessed July 24, 2019.
- ↑ Clayton M. Rines: Kindle Oasis 3 Beginners User Guide The Simple Quick Manual to Manage, Master and Troubleshoot Your Kindle E-Reader with Advanced Tips and Hints . Publishdrive.com, 2019 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ↑ kindle cloud reader . In: amazon.de .
- ↑ special-offers-1 . In: amazon.com . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ^ Daniel Dubsky: Amazon Kindle is not coming to Germany for the time being . In: itespresso.de . NetMediaEurope. June 29, 2009.
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- ↑ Johannes Haupt: Kindle clone from China . In : lesen.net . July 12, 2009.
- ↑ Kindle sales increase month by month in the second quarter; New price of USD 189 marks turning point in growth . In: finanznachrichten.de . July 20, 2010.
- ↑ Amazon.com sells more e-books than regular books . In: ebookreader-und-ebooks.de . May 20, 2011. Archived from the original on August 30, 2011.
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- ↑ Jirko Alex: Amazon's Kindle already sold millions of times? . In: computerbase.de . January 30, 2010.
- ↑ Kathy Nagamine: Nearly 18 Million Media Tablets Shipped in 2010 with Apple Capturing 83% Share; eReader Shipments Quadrupled to More Than 12 Million .According to IDC ( English ) In: idc.com . International Data Corporation . March 10, 2011. Archived from the original on November 13, 2012.
- ↑ Rita Deutschbein: Amazon sells one million Kindle readers & tablets per week . In: teltarif.de . December 16, 2011.
- ↑ Alistair Barr: Amazon touts 'one million per week' Kindle sales ( English ) In: itnews.com.au . December 19, 2011.
- ↑ Price information for the digital edition . In: amazon.com . Amazon.com, Inc. August 14, 2020. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
- ↑ International Standard Book Number (ISBN) . In: amazon.com . Amazon.com, Inc.
- ↑ a b Johannes Haupt: 8 popular misconceptions about e-reading - 2. With the Kindle you can only read e-books bought at Amazon . In : lesen.net . 4pub GmbH. July 25, 2013. Retrieved August 28, 2020.
- ↑ Kindle Paperwhite User Guide, 6th Edition (PDF) In: amazonaws.com . P. 35. Retrieved June 3, 2019.
- ↑ About sales tax on digital products . In: amazon.de . Amazon Europe Core S.à rl. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
- ↑ Werner Pluta: Kindle owners lost after account blocking . In: golem.de . April 17, 2009.
- ^ Joshua Gay: The Kindle Swindle ( English ) In: defectivebydesign.org . Free Software Foundation, Inc .. December 12, 2007.
- ↑ Video morgenmagazin: eBook retailers can cancel licenses - usage rights explained by Axel Kossel from c't magazine in the ZDFmediathek , accessed on July 24, 2009. (offline)
- ↑ Brad Stone: Amazon Erases Orwell Books From Kindle ( English ) In: nytimes.com . The New York Times. July 17, 2009.
- ↑ Amazon says it won't repeat Kindle book recall ( English ) In: cnet.com . CBS Interactive Inc. July 17th, 2009. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ US authors consider the new Kindle to be illegal . In: spiegel.de . DER SPIEGEL (online). February 11, 2009.