Ammonium formate

Structural formula
General
Surname	Ammonium formate
other names	Ammonium methanoate
Molecular formula	CH 5 NO 2
Brief description	white, hygroscopic powder
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 540-69-2 EC number 208-753-9 ECHA InfoCard 100,007,959 PubChem 2723923 Wikidata Q420466
properties
Molar mass	63.06 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	1.26 g cm −3
Melting point	119-121 ° C
boiling point	180 ° C (decomposition)
solubility	631 g l −1 (20 ° C) in water 0.546 g / g (10 ° C) in water
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances Caution H and P phrases H: 315-319-335 P: 261-305 + 351 + 338
Toxicological data	2250 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  mouse ,  oral )
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Ammonium formate is the ammonium salt of formic acid . It is in the form of a white, hygroscopic powder with the formula NH ₄ (HCOO).

Manufacturing

Ammonium formate can be produced by neutralizing ammonia with formic acid :

${\displaystyle \mathrm {NH_{3}+HCOOH\longrightarrow NH_{4}(HCOO)} }$

properties

Solubility of ammonium formate in water as a function of the temperature

Ammonium formate is a salt that is easily soluble in water and forms colorless, monoclinic and deliquescent crystals.

Aqueous solutions react almost neutrally . The pH of a saturated solution is 5.5–7.5.

Ammonium formate melts at 116 ° C and decomposes at 180 ° C. Like other ammonium salts also ammonium formate is at the offset with strong bases , ammonia free.

use

Ammonium formate is mainly used in preparative organic chemistry , for example for the preparation of amines according to Leuckart-Wallach .

Ammonium formate is also a component of solutions with a reduced freezing point for the aftertreatment of exhaust gases in order to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides (trade name Denoxium-30).

In addition, ammonium formate can be used in analytical chemistry to separate base metals from noble metals and as an eluent buffer for liquid chromatography . In the glow discharge may arise from ammonium amino acids.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Entry on ammonium formate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 13, 2017(JavaScript required) .
2. ↑ ^{a b} Data sheet ammonium formate from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on March 9, 2011 ( PDF ). ( solubility given in the sheet wrong by a power of ten )
3. ↑ Groschuff in J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 30, No. 1, (2001), p. 113
4. ↑ Groschuff , Ber. German Chem. Ges. 36, 4351-4357 (1903)
5. ^ P. Groth: Chemische Krystallographie , Verlag W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 1906, p. 9. Full text
6. ↑ ^{a b c} chemischemlexikon.de: Ammonium formate / Ammonium formats .