Amphibrachys
Amphibrachys ( Greek ἀμφίβραχυς “short on both sides”; plural amphibrachys or amphibrachia ) in ancient verse doctrine describes a simple, three-part verse foot , in which two abbreviations enclose a length according to the scheme ◡ — ◡.
The amphibrachys is very rare as an independent verse foot in both ancient and modern poetry, although it is often used as a word foot in German, for example ("developed", "ran", etc.), since an amphibrachysian verse also interprets anapaestically or dactylically can be. Example:
- ◡ — ◡ˌ◡ — ◡ˌ◡ — ◡ (amphybrachian)
- ◡ — ˌ◡◡ — ˌ◡◡ — ˌ◡ ( hypercatalectic, acephalic anapaestic or iambus followed by anapaesic)
- ◡ˌ — ◡◡ˌ — ◡◡ˌ — ◡ ( catalectical dactylic with prelude)
Therefore, in modern lyric poetry, one can only speak meaningfully of a use of the amphibrachys if an intention to reproduce the ancient measure can be assumed. Occasional evidence can be found in German with Johann Wolfgang Goethe , Friedrich von Matthisson , Ernst Moritz Arndt , Conrad Ferdinand Meyer ( Song of the Dead ) and in English with Byron ( Song of the Soldiers within ). The Parzenlied Goethe from the tragedy Iphigenia on Tauris is quoted as an example of a poem with an amphibrachy rhythm :
- It fear the gods
- The human race!
- You ruled
- In eternal hands
- And can you need them,
- As you like it.
Verses two and six are catalectic .
The (unwanted) at a break in hexameter after the fourth Trochäus (gr. Κατὰ τέταρτον τροχαῖον , Kata tétarton trochaíon , see Hermannsche bridge ) remaining part is as Amphibrachienschaukel denotes:
- - ◡◡ - ◡◡ - ◡◡ —◡ ‖ ◡ — ◡◡ — ◡
literature
- EDF Brogan: Amphibrach. In: Roland Greene, Stephen Cushman et al. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics. 4th edition. Princeton University Press, Princeton 2012, ISBN 978-0-691-13334-8 , p. 45 ( limited preview in Google book search).
- Otto Knörrich: Lexicon of lyrical forms (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 479). 2nd, revised edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-520-47902-8 , p. 10.
- Fritz Schlawe: The German stanza forms. Systematic-chronological register of German poetry 1600–1950. Repertories on the history of German literature, Vol. 5. Metzler, Stuttgart 1972, ISBN 3-476-00243-8 .
- Günther Schweikle, Dieter Burdorf (Hrsg.): Metzler Lexicon Literature. Terms and definitions. Metzler, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-476-01612-6 , p. 19.
- Gero von Wilpert : Subject dictionary of literature. 8th edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-520-84601-3 , p. 23.
Individual evidence
- ^ Duden entry Amphibrachys
- ↑ Goethe: Iphigenie auf Tauris IV, 5 ( online )