Friedrich von Matthisson

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Friedrich von Matthisson, painting by Christian Ferdinand Hartmann, 1794, Gleimhaus Halberstadt
The rectory in Hohendodeleben, Matthison's birthplace
Memorial plaque on the birthplace
Grave site in Wörlitz

Friedrich von Matthisson (born January 23, 1761 in Hohendodeleben near Magdeburg , † March 12, 1831 in Wörlitz near Dessau ) was a German poet , librarian and prose writer .

Life

His father Johann Friedrich Matthisson had been a pastor since 1758 and died a few weeks before the birth of his son Friedrich , which took place in the parsonage of St. Peter's Church . From 1770 he was accepted into his uncle's house and attended the Wednesday literary society in Magdeburg with him. From 1773 he attended school in the Berge monastery . In 1778 he became a member of the lodge "To the three clover leaves" in Magdeburg. 1778-1780 he studied theology, philology and literature in Halle .

From 1781 he worked as a teacher at the Philanthropin in Dessau , but then went on trips with the young Count Sievers from Livonia in 1784 , a. a. to Altona , Hamburg , Eutin , Heidelberg and Mannheim . He got to know Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock , Johann Heinrich Voss and Matthias Claudius . After spending two years with his friend Karl Viktor von Bonstetten in Nyon on Lake Geneva , in 1790 he accepted the position of educator for a wealthy merchant in Lyon . In 1794 he was appointed reader and travel companion for Princess Luise von Anhalt-Dessau , and in the following years traveled with her to Italy, Switzerland and Tyrol. Landgrave Friedrich V von Hessen-Homburg appointed him court counselor , Margrave Karl Friedrich von Baden in 1801 a legation councilor .

Appointed to Stuttgart by King Friedrich I of Württemberg in 1812, he worked here as theater director and senior librarian , was ennobled, retired in 1828 and retired to Wörlitz in 1829 .

Matthisson was highly valued by his contemporaries, including Friedrich Schiller , but was soon largely forgotten after his death. The Romantics played some part in his fall. August Wilhelm Schlegel polemicized against the much-vaunted poetry of Matthissons with an evil epigram:

My song is proudly emblazoned as a marble group,
and distantly fools the view as if alive.

August Thieme, however, wrote about him:

I also saw Matthison. In the rush of
electricity he waves, with loose hair and open mind,
Through monastery ruins deep in the grave moss,
And with the Gems' in glacial mirrors ;
Now pluck the gentian and alpine rose, there
listens to the song of the grape-picker,
and longs, movingly, out of the turmoil of the world
to the Veilchenthale of his boys' games.

Many of Matthisson's poems and songs were set to music by Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert , e. B. Adelaide . On August 4, 1800, Beethoven thanked Matthisson, "for the blissful pleasure that her poetry always made for me and will continue to do".

Part of the estate is in the German Literature Archive in Marbach, another in the Anhalt State Library in Dessau . His grave is in the Christian cemetery in Wörlitz.

Meaning of Matthissons for Friedrich Hölderlin

On June 27, 1793, the Freemason Friedrich Matthisson visited the Evangelical Abbey in Tübingen together with Hölderlin's poet friends Gotthold Friedrich Stäudlin and Christian Ludwig Neuffer , the fiancé of Stäudlin's sister Rosine . Matthisson met there with the donor Friedrich Hölderlin , who was enthusiastic about the French Revolution . Hölderlin's idol, the lawyer Gotthold Friedrich Stäudlin - “truly a wonderful man” he was called by the young poet - had the honor of immortalizing himself in the Freemason's register:

You, with the magical power
of ruling over hearts, over tears,
who feels as often as he sings and, feeling,
paints the charms of nature and human dignity with sounds -
good-bye and kiss me the noble, whose song
Like yours, enthusiasm glows through.
            Staudlin.
Tübingen
June 27 [ii] 1793.

In his letter, which he wrote to Neuffer in the third week of July 1793, Hölderlin thought back to that unforgettable meeting:

“I am sending my hymn to our Staudlin. The magical light in which I looked at him since I had finished with him, and Even more, since I had communicated it to you on that unforgettable afternoon, it has now so completely disappeared that I can only console myself for its shortcomings with the hope of a better song soon. - How about the journals then? Have you already written to Matthison? - I haven't yet. Here my Hesiod. "

The Hölderlin researcher Adolf Beck makes an important reference to a biographical message from Hölderlin's friend Rudolf Friedrich Heinrich Magenau :

“Rudolf Magenau reports - probably on the basis of Hölderlin's story during his visit to Vaihingen [an der Enz] on November 21, 1793 - of the 'unforgettable afternoon' in his life outline: 'Mathison, probably the most amiable of our poets, made contact with others . H. a tight bond. H. had given him to Tübingen in the presence of Neuffer a. Stäudlin's a hymn to daring ... read out loud, Mathison glowed with sympathetic fire, threw himself into H.'s arms, and the like. the covenant of friendship was made. '"

Works

Poems, Zurich 1815 (title page)
  • Poems , Breslau 1787.
  • Friedrich Mathissons poems. Published by Joh. Heinr. Füßli. Increased circulation. Zurich. Bey Orell, Geßner, Füßli and Compagnie. 1792. ( digitized in the digital library Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
  • Memories , Zurich 1810–16, 5 volumes
  • Poems. Last edition , Zurich 1821.
  • Fonts. Last edition , Zurich 1825–1829, 8 volumes (Vol. 1: Poems, Vol. 2–8: Memories)

Newer editions

  • Poems. With introduction and notes ed. by Ernst Kelchner . Brockhaus, Leipzig 1874.
  • To the evening star. Poems , ed. by Christian Eger, Halle 2002, ISBN 3-89923-016-7 .
  • Wörlitz leaves. Poems, prose, letters , ed. by Christian Eger, Halle 2005, ISBN 3-939335-01-0 .
  • The studbook of Friedrich von Matthissons. [ Bonstettiana , special volume.]
    • [Part 1.] [Facsimile of the family record.]
    • [Part 2.] Transcription and commentary on the facsimile . Edited, commented and with an afterword by Erichwege, Doris and Peter Walser-Wilhelm and Christine Holliger in collaboration with Bonstettiana, Archive and Edition and the Anhaltische Landesbücherei Dessau. Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-8353-0002-6
    • The register kept in the Anhalt State Library in Dessau contains 336 handwritten and pictorial entries from October 10, 1782 to June 28, 1830 on personalities of German and Swiss intellectual history.

literature

  • Christian Eger: Friedrich von Matthisson. A picture of his life on the occasion of his 250th birthday. In: Dessau calendar. 2011, ISSN  0420-1264 , p. 2 ff.
  • Otto Fuhlrott: Matthisson, Friedrich von. In: Guido Heinrich, Gunter Schandera (ed.): Magdeburg Biographical Lexicon 19th and 20th centuries. Biographical lexicon for the state capital Magdeburg and the districts of Bördekreis, Jerichower Land, Ohrekreis and Schönebeck. Scriptum, Magdeburg 2002, ISBN 3-933046-49-1 .
  • Wilhelm Hosäus:  Matthisson, Friedrich von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, pp. 675-681.
  • Otto Hachtmann: Friedrich von Matthisson. In: Historical Commission for the Province of Saxony and for Anhalt (Hrsg.): Mitteldeutsche Lebensbilder. Volume 3, Pictures of Life in the 18th and 19th Centuries. Self-published, Magdeburg 1928, pp. 228–241.
  • Erdmut Jost, Christian Eger (ed.): Friedrich von Matthisson (1761–1831). Poet in the age of friendship . Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle (Saale) 2014, ISBN 978-3-95462-022-7 .
  • Werner Wilhelm Schnabel: The album as "Westminster = Abbey". Observations on Friedrich Matthisson's studbook. In: Wilhelm Haefs (Hrsg.): Book worlds in the garden kingdom Dessau-Wörlitz . Hanover 2009, pp. 91–112.
  • Martin Wiehle : Magdeburg personalities. Published by the Magistrate of the City of Magdeburg, Department of Culture. imPuls Verlag, Magdeburg 1993, ISBN 3-910146-06-6 .
  • Martin Wiehle: Borders Personalities. Biographical lexicon of the Magdeburger Börde (= contributions to the cultural history of the Magdeburger Börde and its peripheral areas. Vol. 6). Dr. ziethen verlag, Oschersleben 2001, ISBN 3-935358-20-2 .
  • Adalbert Elschenbroich:  Matthisson, Friedrich von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-428-00197-4 , pp. 414-416 ( digitized version ).
  • Andreas Bürgi: Matthisson, Friedrich von. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .

Web links

Commons : Friedrich von Matthisson  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Friedrich von Matthisson  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ludwig van Beethoven: Correspondence. Complete edition , ed. by Sieghard Brandenburg , Volume 1, Munich 1996, No. 47
  2. ↑ See Reinhard Breymayer: Freemasons in front of the gates of the Tübingen monastery. Masonic influence on Hölderlin? In: Tubingensia: Impulses for the city and university history . Ostfildern 2008, pp. 355–395, here especially p. 355 f.
  3. ↑ See Hölderlin's letter to Neuffer from the third week of July, 1793. In: Hölderlins all works . Stuttgarter Ausgabe ( St. A. ), Volume 6, 1, pp. 85-88: No. 60, here pp. 88, 82-89; Adolf Beck's comment on this. In: St. A. , Volume 6, 2, pp. 620–627, here p. 626 f., Especially p. 627, 6–23 on Matthisson. See also Beck, ibid, pp. 615, 13-16.
  4. ↑ See Gotthold Friedrich Stäudlin: Gotthold Friedrich Stäudlin. "... was a wonderful man ..." Life documents and letters , ed. by Werner Volke. Publications of the German Schiller Society . 41, Stuttgart 1999. - On the Stäudlin family cf. ibid, pp. 94, 190, 325, 370, 421, 429 and 432.
  5. ↑ See Stäudlin's entry under No. 222 in: Das Stammbuch Friedrich von Matthissons (2007). [Part 1], p. [271]; [Part 2], p. 320; in addition the explanations together with those of Stäudlin's earlier entry no. 109: [Part 2], pp. 160–162.
  6. ↑ What is meant is Holderlin, cf. the editor's note a) in: Stammbuch (2007), p. 320, line 13.
  7. ↑ Hölderlin in: St. A. , Volume 6, 1, pp. 88, 82–87
  8. ↑ In: St. A. , Vol. 6, 6, 2, pp. 626, 22-28. As two statements by Matthissons to Friedrich Haug from 1805 show (cf. St. A. , Volume 7, 3, p. 555, No. 342 a; on this Adolf Beck: “Explanations”, ibid, p. 556, 7– 26), Matthisson is no longer able to adequately appreciate Holderlin's mature poetry.
  9. ↑ As a central source, Matthissons Stammbuch was evaluated in the following publication: Reinhard Breymayer : Freemasons before the gates of the Tübingen monastery : Masonic influence on Hölderlin ? In: Tubingensia: Impulses for the city and university history. Festschrift for Wilfried Setzler on his 65th birthday . Edited by Sönke Lorenz and Volker [Karl] Schäfer in conjunction with the Institute for Historical Regional Studies and Historical Auxiliary Sciences at the University of Tübingen. Tübingen building blocks for regional history , 10, Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2008, ISBN 978-3-7995-5510-4 , pp. 355–395.
personal data
SURNAME Matthisson, Friedrich von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Matthisson, Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German poet and prose writer
DATE OF BIRTH January 23, 1761
PLACE OF BIRTH Hohendodeleben near Magdeburg
DATE OF DEATH March 12, 1831
Place of death Wörlitz near Dessau