Office for Nuclear Research and Technology

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The Office for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Technology (AKK) was created by resolution of the Council of Ministers of the GDR on November 10, 1955 to promote nuclear energy in the GDR .

history

With the repeal of the Control Council Act No. 25 in 1956, extensive research with radioactive isotopes could also begin in the GDR. The Office for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Technology was created to coordinate this work. It was initially subordinate to the Office of Technology, which supported the establishment of the National People's Army . On October 4, 1956, an independent central body of state administration was formed and was practically on an equal footing with the ministries.

Within the government, it was formally the responsibility of the deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers Willi Stoph (until September 1956), Fritz Selbmann (October 1956 to July 1958) and finally the deputy chairman of the State Planning Commission Hermann Grosse (July 1958 to March 1963).

The plans for the peaceful use of nuclear energy were ambitious: "Around 20 nuclear power plants should go online by 1970" or "Blooming future - nuclear energy" were popular statements. After the AKK was provided with an additional two million DM for project planning work in October 1961, without the start-up of the Rheinsberg nuclear power plant even being foreseeable, the ambitious support for nuclear technology was throttled from 1962 for financial and economic policy reasons.

From April 1962 the AKK was initially subordinated to the State Planning Commission and finally dissolved in the course of 1963. The process took place until June 1963. The Deputy State Secretary for Research and Technology Rudolf Müller was responsible for implementing the changes . A physics and nuclear technology department was set up in the State Secretariat for Research and Technology. The competencies of the Office for Nuclear Research and Technology, which were anchored in legal provisions, were i. d. R. to the State Secretariat for Research and Technology and the State Center for Radiation Protection (from 1973 State Office for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection ). The construction projects such. B. the Rheinsberg nuclear power plant were assigned directly to the Ministry of Construction.

ladder

Head of the Office for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Technology was from November 1955 to January 16, 1961 from Karl Rambusch , then Bertram Winde as acting . The seat of the AKK was in Berlin-Niederschöneweide, Schnellerstraße 1-5.

tasks

The statute of the AKK, issued in February 1957, defined the following tasks:

  • plan nuclear facilities and coordinate and control their project planning and construction,
  • Promote nuclear research and development tasks and arrange for them to be put into practice,
  • procure and distribute radioactive materials and nuclear fuel,
  • participate in the monitoring of radioactive radiation in the area of ​​the GDR,
  • participate in the supervision of the handling and storage of radioactive materials and waste products,
  • Issue provisions on health and safety at work for nuclear research and nuclear technology and check compliance,
  • develop and promote managerial and scientific specialists,
  • Disseminate specialist information and organize the publication of publications,
  • monitor compliance with the statutory provisions applicable to the field of nuclear research and nuclear technology,
  • exercise state building supervision for the building projects under his control and
  • participate in international cooperation in the field of atomic energy. This also included cooperation with the Soviet Union and other Comecon countries in these areas, which also led to the formation of the United Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna .

As part of these tasks, the AKK had - at least temporarily - control over the following research institutes, facilities and operations in the GDR:

  • Central Institute for Nuclear Physics under the direction of Heinz Barwich . The institute was founded in 1956 together with the office and operated a research reactor and a cyclotron that was started up in 1957 . From May 1963 it was called the Central Institute for Nuclear Research (ZfK) Rossendorf.
  • Construction management of the nuclear power plant I or VEB nuclear power plant I, later the Rheinsberg nuclear power plant
  • Institute for Applied Physics of Pure Substances Dresden under the direction of Ernst Rexer
  • Institute for dust research and radioactive suspended matter Berlin-Friedrichshagen under the direction of K. Schmidt
  • Institute for Applied Radioactivity Leipzig under the direction of Carl-Friedrich Weiss
  • Scientific and technical office for reactor construction Berlin-Pankow under the direction of Max Steenbeck (until 1960)
  • VEB development and project planning of nuclear facilities in Berlin under the direction of Karl Rambusch
  • Headquarters for radioactive residues and waste Rossendorf and Lohmen
  • Isotope distribution center Berlin-Buch under the direction of Günther Vormum
  • VEB construction and planning of nuclear facilities
  • VEB Vakutronik Dresden under the direction of Werner Hartmann
  • VEB Vakutronik Pockau
  • AKK's Dresden office

The AKK had close relationships with institutes of the German Academy of Sciences (DAW) and with institutes of various universities and colleges. The contacts to the Physics Institute of the Karl Marx University in Leipzig , headed by Gustav Hertz , the Manfred von Ardenne Research Institute in Dresden and the Institute for Physical Separation of Materials in Leipzig under the direction of Justus Mühlenpfordt deserve special mention .

Scientific advice for the peaceful uses of atomic energy

At the same time as and closely associated with the AKK, a Scientific Council for the Peaceful Use of Atomic Energy was appointed to the GDR's Council of Ministers, to which 20 to 30 people belonged. It was the task of the Scientific Council to advise the GDR government on fundamental issues relating to nuclear research and technology. The Scientific Council was headed by Gustav Hertz . Karl Rambusch was the secretary of the council until May 1962 , then Günter Schumann. The council worked from 1955 to 1966, then it was disbanded. The Scientific Council formed several specialist commissions:

Publications

Since 1958 the magazine "Kernenenergie" and since 1959 "Mitteilungen aus Kernforschung und Kerntechnik" have been published by the AKK.

literature

  • Isotopes in the service of scientific and technical progress , Office for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Technology of the Government of the GDR (Ed.), VEB Verlag Technik, 1959
  • Rainer Karlsch: Uranium for Moscow: The bismuth - A popular story , Christoph Links Verlag Berlin, 2007
  • Bertram Winde and Lotar Ziert: Organization of nuclear research and nuclear technology in the German Democratic Republic , VEB Dt. Verl. F. Basic industry Leipzig, 1961
  • Eckhard Hampe: On the history of nuclear technology in the GDR from 1955 to 1962 , published by the Hanna Ahrendt Institute for Totalitarian Research at the TU Dresden, 1996, ISBN 3-931648-09-5

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Resolution on measures for the use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes of November 10, 1955, In: Bundesarchiv DC 20 / I / 3/262
  2. ^ Resolution of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers of October 4, 1956 on the amendment of the resolution on measures for the use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes, In: Bundesarchiv DC 20 / I / 4/209 or 205 (minutes of the meeting)
  3. ↑ Bertram Winde: Nuclear research and nuclear technology in the GDR, Neues Deutschland from June 9, 1957
  4. ^ Resolution of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers on the additional provision of funds for the Office for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Technology of October 26, 1961, In: Bundesarchiv DC 20 / I / 4/551
  5. ^ Resolution of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers of April 26, 1962 on the Office for Nuclear Research and Technology, In: Bundesarchiv DC 20 / I / 4/551
  6. ^ Resolution of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers of December 19, 1962 on further work in the field of nuclear research and nuclear technology. In: Federal Archives DC 20 / I / 4/659
  7. ↑ In letters of January 14, 1961, Karl Rambusch announced that he was leaving the AKK on January 16, 1961 (In: Bundesarchiv DF 1/861). The Council of Ministers pronounced the release from his position by resolution of April 26, 1962 (In: Bundesarchiv DC 20 / I / 4/551)
  8. ^ Resolution on the statute of the Office for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Technology of February 21, 1957, In: GBl. I No. 20 p. 170ff. as well as in Federal Archives DC 20 / I / 4/228
  9. ↑ in particular: Law on the use of atomic energy in the GDR of March 28, 1962, In: GBl. I No. 62 p. 47, Ordinance on the establishment of protected areas of March 28, 1962, In: GBl. II p. 151 , Ordinance on liability for radiation damage of March 28, 1962, In: GBl. II p. 152., Order on the General Terms and Conditions of Delivery for Radioactive Materials of December 1, 1960, In: GBl. III No. 60 p. 65
  10. ↑ Order on the establishment of the headquarters for radioactive residues and waste from April 1, 1959, In: GBl. II No. 9 p. 125, Statute of April 1, 1959, In: GBl. II p. 125 and GBl. II No. 9 of April 27, 1959
  11. ^ Order on the isotope distribution center of January 15, 1960, In: GBl. II No. 6 p. 46
  12. ^ Order on the establishment of the VEB Construction and Project Planning of Nuclear Plants from June 15, 1959, In: GBl. II No. 15 p. 203
  13. ^ Order on the establishment of VEB Vakutronik, Pockau-Lengefeld of March 29, 1960, In: GBl. II No. 15 p. 149
  14. ^ Resolution of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers on the dissolution of the Scientific Council for the Peaceful Use of Atomic Energy of April 7, 1966, In: Bundesarchiv DC 20 / I / 3/522