Andor Jaross

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Andor Jaross

Andor Jaross (born May 23, 1896 in Komáromcsehi (now Čechy (Slovakia) ) in Okres Nové Zámky , † April 11, 1946 in Budapest ) was a Hungarian politician.

Life

Jaross belonged to the Hungarian population group Austria-Hungary , which was separated from Hungary when Czechoslovakia was established in 1918 . He became general secretary of the "Hungarian National Party" (Magyar Nemzeti Párt), which represented the Hungarian people in Slovakia and had the aim of revising the Treaty of Trianon ; their party leader was János Esterházy . The Czech majority in Czechoslovakia succeeded in the twenty years from 1918 to 1938 not to make a settlement with the Slovak part of the country, nor equal rights for the German, Ruthenian , Polish and Hungarian minorities to establish what in 1938 in the Nazi Germany forced Sudeten crisis ended. In 1935, the then Czechoslovak Foreign Minister Edvard Beneš made promises to the Hungarian-born politicians Esterházy, Géza Szüllő and Jaross in his presidential campaign, which he did not keep. Jaross was elected to the Czechoslovak Parliament in 1935. In March 1938 Jaross was able to present the wishes and demands of the Hungarian minority again in the parliament of the Czech Republic. Together with Szüllő, he was invited by the Hungarian Committee of the House of Commons in June 1938 , where he was allowed to present the complaints of the Hungarian minority. On July 29, 1938, Esterházy, Szüllő, Jaross and Endre Korláth came to see Prime Minister Milan Hodža , who instead of the requested constitutional amendment merely announced a minority statute. In September 1938 the Munich Agreement was reached .

After the recovery of part of the Felvidék by Hungary as a result of the First Vienna Arbitration Award , Jaross became Minister in the Hungarian government Béla Imrédy and superior of the 26 appointed governors of the reclaimed districts on November 15, 1938 . He remained a follower of Imrédy, who, even after his resignation, still pulled the strings of Hungarian politics with his newly founded fascist "Party of Hungarian Renewal" (MMP). In October 1940 Jaross was one of the 18 Hungarian parliamentarians who founded the "Party of the Resurrection of Hungary", which advocated closer cooperation with the Axis powers , and was a member of the party's executive committee with Béla Imrédy and Jenő Rátz .

After the occupation of Hungary by German troops in March 1944, Jaross became Minister of the Interior under Döme Sztójay on March 22nd . One of his first measures was the coup-like elimination of the Social Democratic Party, the Small Farmers 'Party and the Farmers' Party, which had been represented in the Hungarian parliament until then . Together with State Secretaries László Endre and László Baky , he made sure that the Eichmann Command could carry out the deportation of the Jews . He eliminated the opponents of anti-Semitic policies such as Endre Bajcsy-Zsilinszky , while the Hungarian ruler Miklós Horthy allowed the Sztójay government to go ahead. Jaross introduced the Jewish star in Hungary on April 5, 1944 . Jews were now forbidden to wear military or school uniforms, and they were expelled from swimming pools and restaurants. Jaross was the addressee of the petitions that came from the Jewish population of Hungary, but also from Bishop Vilmos Apor , who protested against the yellow Jewish star. Under diplomatic pressure from the allied and neutral states of Europe still represented in Budapest, he classified the foreign Jews in a secret police order in May 1944. In the meantime, the Hungarian police and militia have ghettoized over 400,000 Jews in the Hungarian province and deported to German concentration camps.

In public life in Hungary Jaross was elected president of the football club Ferencvárosi TC in 1944 .

When Horthy sought a modification of foreign policy with the government of Géza Lakatos , Jaross lost his office on August 7, 1944; Without this support, Adolf Eichmann was initially helpless and stopped the large-scale deportations, which would now have been the turn of the Jewish population of Budapest . The German ambassador Edmund Veesenmayer still had Jaross on his list of politicians desired by the Germans and Jaross returned to public offices in October after the coup d'état launched by the Germans by Ferenc Szálasi , without this time belonging to the cabinet now dominated by the Arrow Cross .

After the end of the war, Jaross was tried with Endre and Baky on December 18, 1945 before the Hungarian People's Court under Péter Jankó and sentenced to death on January 7, 1946. Endre and Baky were hanged on March 29th and Jaross shot on April 11th.

Fonts

  • Jenő Cholnoky: Felvidėk! Az előszót írta Jaross Andor. Budapest: Dante Kiad., 1938

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ see Slovak Wikipedia sk: Čechy (okres Nové Zámky)
  2. ^ Peter Haslinger : Nation and Territory in the Czech Political Discourse: 1880-1938 . Munich: Oldenbourg 2010 ISBN 978-3-486-59148-4 , pp. 323-337
  3. ↑ Charles Wojatsek: From Trianon to the First Vienna Arbitration Award (1981) at Corvinus Library of Hungarian History
  4. ^ Margit Szöllösi-Janze: The Arrow Cross Movement in Hungary. P. 267
  5. ↑ Randolph L. Braham: The politics of genocide , p. 134.
  6. ↑ Randolph L. Braham: The politics of genocide , p. 174.
  7. ↑ Gyula Juhász: Hungarian foreign policy 1919-1945 . Translated from Budapest: Akad. Kiado, 1979 ISBN 963-05-1882-1 , p. 295.
  8. ↑ Randolph L. Braham: The politics of genocide , p. 492.
  9. ↑ Randolph L. Braham: The politics of genocide , p. 497.
  10. ↑ Randolph L. Braham: The politics of genocide , p. 889.
  11. ↑ Miklós Hadas: Football and Social Identity - The case of Hungary in the Twentieth Century (PDF; 62 kB), p. 50.
  12. ↑ Randolph L. Braham: The politics of genocide , p. 770; Margit Szöllösi-Janze: The Arrow Cross Movement in Hungary. P. 297.
  13. ^ Margit Szöllösi-Janze: The Arrow Cross Movement in Hungary. P. 300, note 107.
  14. ↑ Randolph L. Braham: The politics of genocide , p. 1166.
personal data
SURNAME Jaross, Andor
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian politician, Member of Parliament
DATE OF BIRTH May 23, 1896
PLACE OF BIRTH Komáromcsehi
DATE OF DEATH April 11, 1946
Place of death Budapest