Herzoghof (Krems)
| Herzoghof | ||
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| Creation time : | 13th Century | |
| Castle type : | Location | |
| Conservation status: | heavily rebuilt | |
| Standing position : | sovereign | |
| Place: | Krems at the Donau | |
| Geographical location | 48 ° 24 '32.4 " N , 15 ° 35' 57" E | |
| Height: | 197 m | |
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The Herzoghof was a princely castle in the statutory city of Krems an der Donau in Lower Austria . The remaining parts are under monument protection.
history
In the course of a city expansion in the first half of the 13th century, a new city castle was built in the southwest corner of the city fortifications. It is not the first town castle in Krems. As early as the 12th century there are reports of a "Herzogshof", also called "Babenberger-" or "Schlüsselhof". However, it is not possible to locate the present-day ducal court and thus no clear first name.
The court was the seat of the key officer (claviger), who monitored the ducal income and, in addition to levying the water toll , the bridge toll and the customs in stone, was responsible for safeguarding the rights of the sovereign. It also served as the place of residence of the Babenbergers when they stayed in Krems.
After the Babenbergs , the court fell to Ottokar II. There is no clear evidence of a possible stay of the wife Margarethe, who had been cast out by him, between 1260/66.
The castle came into the possession of the Habsburgs in 1278 . 1379 the Court will first purchase the Gozzoburg the Lilienfeld sold. In 1436 he came to the Citizens Hospital , then to Garsten Abbey .
During the 16th and 17th centuries he came into possession of the city. The property was divided: the former Palas (Hafnerplatz No. 3) was used as a barn, Hafnerplatz No. 4 was used as an orphanage from 1758–1787, then sold and turned into a tenement house.
Andreas Chapel
The castle chapel, dedicated to St. Andrew (Hafnerplatz No. 5), was used profanely in the 16th and 17th centuries, but was restored after 1700 and redesigned in Baroque style between 1703/10. In 1783 it was closed and sold together with Hafnerplatz No. 4.
In 1894 the evangelical community of Krems acquired the Andreas chapel and used it for their services. The prayer room was furnished by the architect Utz and handed over to its intended use in 1895 by the Viennese superintendent Josef Winkler. Until the inauguration of the Heilandskirche in 1913, the Andreas chapel was used as a Protestant parish and prayer house.
description
The area of the former Herzogshof is in the center of Krems, south of Hafnerplatz and east of Heinemanngasse in the course of the former south city wall or on a possible former south-west. Wall corner.
The modern building complex is within the 38 x 48 m large area of a dominant long building, a former. Chapel and a built tower. The 11 x 21 m main building, located on the eastern boundary, is located on the west side of the upper floor.
The Palas closes the courtyard off against the East. It consists of two continuous floors. The ogival biforums on the upper floor are walled up today. Facing the castle courtyard, the heavily damaged, early Gothic portal with rich profiles has been preserved. A flight of stairs led to the magnificent main portal.
The residential wing is likely to have been to the south, but it was demolished. In the southwest there is a square corner tower . This is five-storey and has been completely changed by adding housing. A building that has been enlarged several times adjoins it to the east (Gewerbehausgasse 4).
The Andreas chapel has remained almost unchanged in its basic form. She has a single-nave longship. Formerly it was spanned by two ribbed vaults. From 1703 to 1710 the chapel was redesigned in Baroque style and the current vault was drawn in. At that time the small east tower was added to the connecting wall of the choir. Modern additions have seriously affected the chapel in its present day effect.
literature
- Evelyn Benesch, Bernd Euler-Rolle , Claudia Haas, Renate Holzschuh-Hofer, Wolfgang Huber, Katharina Packpfeifer, Eva Maria Vancsa-Tironiek, Wolfgang Vogg: Lower Austria north of the Danube (= Dehio-Handbuch . Die Kunstdenkmäler Österreichs ). Anton Schroll & Co, Vienna et al. 1990, ISBN 3-7031-0652-2 , p. 572 .
- Bertrand Michael Buchmann , Brigitte Faßbinder: Castles and palaces between Krems, Hartenstein and Jauerling . Castles and palaces in Lower Austria 16 (birch row), St. Pölten / Vienna 1990, p. 49 f.
- Rudolf Büttner: Castles and palaces on the Danube . Birkenverlag, Vienna 1977, ISBN 3-85030-017-X p. 156 f.
- Falko Daim , Karin Kühtreiber, Thomas Kühtreiber : Castles - Waldviertel, Wachau, Moravian Thayatal . 2nd edition, Verlag Freytag & Berndt, Vienna 2009, ISBN 978-3-7079-1273-9 , p. 254 ff.
- Franz Eppel : The Wachau . Verlag St. Peter, Salzburg 1975, p. 114 f.
- Ernst Kalt: Krems then and now, 1000 years of urban development. Krems 1995, p. 34.
- Adalbert Klaar: The castles of the city of Krems. Announcements from the Krems City Archives 3, Krems 1963, pp. 1–12, 10.
- Friedrich-Wilhelm Krahe: Castles of the German Middle Ages, floor plan dictionary . Würzburg 1994, p. 340.
- Gerhard Reichhalter, Karin and Thomas Kühtreiber: Castles Waldviertel Wachau . Verlag Schubert & Franzke, St. Pölten 2001, ISBN 3-7056-0530-5 , p. 187 f.
- Rupert Schweiger: The magic of architecture - twin cities Krems-Stein and Mautern. Niederösterreichisches Pressehaus, St. Pölten 1993, ISBN 3-85326-956-7 , p. 106 f.
Web links
- Entry for Herzoghof in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Entry about Herzoghof auf NÖ-Burgen online - Institute for Reality Studies of the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times, University of Salzburg
Individual evidence
- ↑ The building parts have been parceled out and are under monument protection under different object IDs : No. 7059 = Gewerbehausgasse 4 , No. 7061 = Hafnerplatz 3 , No. 7062 = Hafnerplatz 5 (Andreaskapelle)
- ↑ a b See entry on Herzoghof in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- ↑ a b c d e f See entry about Herzoghof (Krems) on NÖ-Burgen online - Institute for Reality Studies of the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Era, University of Salzburg
- ↑ Schönfellner: Krems - Between Reformation and Counter-Reformation , Verlag Verein für Landeskunde von Niederösterreich 1985, p. 17 f.