Andrew Conway Ivy
Andrew Conway Ivy (born February 25, 1893 in Farmington (Missouri) , † February 7, 1978 in Oak Park , Illinois ) was an American physiologist . 1928/1929 he discovered with Eric Oldberg the cholecystokinin .
Life
Ivy grew up in Cape Girardeau, Missouri . His father taught chemistry, his mother biology. He first attended the Southeast Missouri State Teachers College in Cape Girardeau and earned his bachelor's degree in 1913. Since a medical degree was out of the question for lack of money, he first took a position as a teacher and trainer at the high school in Clarksdale (Missouri) . In 1915 he had saved enough money to study and successfully applied to the University of Chicago .
Ivy earned a Bachelor of Science degree in 1916, a Master of Science degree in Physiology in 1917 and a Ph.D. in 1918. at the University of Chicago. Until 1922 he studied medicine at Rush Medical College, at the same time he was an assistant in physiology at the School of Medicine at Loyola University from 1919 to 1923 . He solved both by alternately working and studying for six months. From 1923 to 1925 he was an assistant at the University of Chicago. From 1926 to 1945, Ivy headed the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology at Northwestern University Medical School. From 1946 to 1953 Ivy was vice president of the University of Illinois and 1953 to 1962 professor of physiology at that university. In 1962 he moved to Roosevelt University , where he was a research professor until 1966. Ivy was a friend and staunch supporter of the hepatologist Hans Popper (1903–1988).
Ivy wrote about 2000 scientific papers, mostly on digestive physiology and pharmacology. In addition, he dealt with reproductive physiology , aviation medicine and cancer research . By advocating the controversial cancer drug Krebiozen , he isolated himself from his colleagues, and it was not until the mid-1970s that he returned to the meetings of the American Physiological Society , of which he was president from 1939 to 1941.
The discovery of cholecystokinin
The gallbladder since the early 20th century as useless, but often complaints causative organ. It was widely believed that once bile entered the gallbladder, it would remain there forever. Therefore, the gallbladder was often removed prophylactically during abdominal surgery. There was also the notion that the gallbladder was emptied via a kind of milking function of the bile duct .
Ivy suspected hormonal regulation of biliary emptying. He asked the surgeon Eric Oldberg to operate on a cat with him in order to continuously measure the pressure of the gallbladder. He administered an aqueous solution of secretin A1 to the cat. Secretin had been discovered in 1902 by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling , and Ivy suggested that a similar hormone is contained in the mixture of substances that stimulate the gallbladder. He applied the solution and the cat's gallbladder contracted.
literature
- Morton I. Grossman: Andrew Conway Ivy (1893-1978). In: The Physiologist. 21, No. 2, 1978, ISSN 0031-9376 , pp. 11/12.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ John Malone Howard and Walter Hess: History of the Pancreas: Mysteries of a Hidden Organ . Springer 2002, ISBN 978-0-306-46742-4 , p. 93.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Ivy, Andrew Conway |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | American physiologist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 25, 1893 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Farmington, Missouri |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 7, 1978 |
| Place of death | Oak Park , Illinois |