Doberlug-Kirchhain anthracite deposit

The Doberlug-Kirchhain anthracite deposit is a hard coal deposit in southern Brandenburg, immediately northwest of Doberlug-Kirchhain . It was explored by drilling and the Kirchhain I shaft between 1926 and 1959.

geology

Macro location

The coal deposit is located in the Werenzhainer Mulde , which extends approximately in a north-east-south-west direction over a length of around 13 kilometers. At the level of the Kirchhain district, the Mulde reaches its greatest width of around 5 kilometers. In the northwest the Werenzhainer Mulde is bounded by the Rhenish trending (NNO-SSW) Dübrichener Sattel , in the north an east-west trending fault represents the boundary.

stratigraphy

The seam-bearing Kirchhainer and Finsterwalder and Doberluger layers belong to the Lower Carboniferous . The Kirchhainer layers consist of clay slate and coal seams and lie on top of the Finsterwalder and Doberluger layers . These consist of greywacke , coal limestone and also clay slate ; the lying of the Finsterwalder and Doberluger layers forms the Cambrian (Middle Cambrian). The Finsterwalder and Doberluger layers show only an insignificant seam formation. The hanging wall of the Kirchhainers is formed by the Werenzhain strata , which mainly consist of conglomerates .

In the Doberlug-Kirchhain deposit, a total of 19 seams of varying thicknesses and dimensions have been formed. The seam thicknesses range from a few centimeters to two meters. Eleven seams are characterized by fire slate with an incandescent residue of up to 65% and are therefore not worth building.

tectonics

The layer sequences are described as “generally flat”, their dip is about 10 °. The deposit strikes almost east-west and is characterized by several faults that strike flat ore mountains (ENE-WSW) and sometimes extend into the overburden . East of Kirchhain run two shallow Hercynian (NNW-SSE) trending faults, which extend from the southern edge of the deposit to about 3/4 of its extent in a northerly direction and thus divide the deposit into a higher eastern and a lower western area. The faults represent aquifers; as a result, a complicated hydrogeological situation arises.

history

examination

Drilling

Anthracite finds became known during exploratory drilling of the Hansa lignite mines in Tröbitz and Pauline around 1880, but they were not followed up. It was not until 1926, when a well was built for the Kirchhainer Kühne Brewery, that anthracite was found again at a depth of 60 meters. Eight exploratory boreholes, which reached a depth of between 200 and 800 meters, have now been drilled. However, no results were obtained about the actual storage conditions, as core drilling technology was still in its infancy. In 1939 two more boreholes were drilled, after which all activities on the anthracite field were stopped due to the war.

Mining investigation

In total, more than 120 deep boreholes were drilled to a depth of 700 m. The reserves were estimated at 100 million tons, of which about 60 million tons should be mineable. In order to gain more detailed information about the deposit, the Kirchhain I exploration shaft was approved on January 28, 1947 . Preparatory work on the daytime facilities and the siding began in May.

After the end of the war, the search for miners among those displaced from Silesia began with SMAD order 323 . Due to the presence of layers of water and the tendency of the sand to flow, the first third of the shaft had to be sunk using the freezing process . This took time, but the depth of the freezer went smoothly.

The shaft has a clear diameter of 6.20 meters, the shaft lining consists of 75 centimeters of clinker masonry and 30 centimeters of backfill concrete. After the complicated installation of the upper wall base, the freezer was switched off. The water inflows were initially controlled with the old pumps and it could easily to 237 meters geteuft be. The upper third of the frozen earth, which was now thawing, also brought serious water inflows, but it was still up to 329 meters when a water ingress occurred. The ingress of water had a discharge of 1400 l / min, which exceeded the capacity of the old pumps, so that the shaft was partially flooded. This was accompanied by the drying up of all larger bodies of water and deep wells within a radius of 10 kilometers.

The problem could be eliminated by using a more powerful pump. After 5½ years since the beginning of the sinking, the shaft was completed with a final depth of 428.8 meters. At the level of -407 m level could then a 1147 meter long cross passage in the north ascended and anthracite layers are examined. In addition, up to 300 m long investigation stretches were excavated from the cross passage on strike.

Stock calculation

19 sections of seam were found with different local spreads and a thickness of up to 2 meters. 7 seams - distributed over 9 to 10 seam banks - were worthy of the balance sheet. The anthracite coal stock recorded in 1960 amounts to 70,000,000 tons over an area of 27 square kilometers. Seams 12, 13 and 15 are worth building with around 90% of the total stock.

Dismantling

The subsequent mining of the coal deposit proved to be too costly. The investigation was discontinued in 1959. When the water retention systems were dismantled, the shaft began to be flooded .

Revaluation 2007

In the course of the re-evaluation of the Brandenburg raw material deposits, the LBGR wrote the monograph “Deep Deposits” in 2007 , in which existing knowledge on raw material deposits is summarized and z. Some have been reinterpreted.

Re-use of the area

After the work was stopped, the building was used as a barracks for the National People's Army . After the fall of the Berlin Wall , it was the location of the paratrooper battalion 373 of the Bundeswehr as Lausitz barracks , which was relocated in 2007. The facilities have since been released for civil use again.

Individual evidence

↑ Franke, Dietrich (2010): Fig. 25.19 Karbon Doberlug-Kirchhain on Regional Geology of East Germany - A Dictionary

↑ Conversion of the former Lausitz barracks - website www.gku-se.de

literature

Anonymous: Deep-lying deposits. (PDF, 1.23 MB) The Doberlug-Kirchhain anthracite deposit. State Office for Mining, Geology and Raw Materials Brandenburg, pp. 5–7 , accessed on June 20, 2015 (German).
Rudolf Daber: The middle Visé flora of the deep boreholes of Doberlug-Kirchhain. In: Zeitschrift Geologie, Akademie-Verlag Berlin , 1959, Volume 8, Supplement 26, pp. 1–83.
Rammler / Gehrmann: Attempts to briquette anthracite from the Doberlug-Kirchhain deposit with binding agents. In: Freiberg research books, A 279
Briquetting - technical fuel utilization. VEB German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1965.
Hans Jürgen Rösler, Werner Pählchen, Waltraud Ossenkopf, Peter Taubert: The coal clay stones from the coal basins of Zwickau-Oelsnitz, Freital-Döhlen (near Dresden) and Doberlug. C 211 Mineralogy - theory of deposits. VEB German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1967.
HG. Procopius in "Finsterwalder Heimatkalender", issue 16, 1997

Web links

51,634 13,514Coordinates: 51 ° 38 '2.4 " N , 13 ° 30' 50.4" E

Remarks

↑ As a brand shale refers mixed with thin carbon layers shales . The coal and the shale can also appear in alternating layers. Fire slate has a high ash content. (Source: Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: Das kleine Bergbaulexikon .)

[1] Franke, Dietrich (2010): Fig. 25.19 Karbon Doberlug-Kirchhain on Regional Geology of East Germany - A Dictionary

[Anm._BergbauLex.-2] As a brand shale refers mixed with thin carbon layers shales . The coal and the shale can also appear in alternating layers. Fire slate has a high ash content. (Source: Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: Das kleine Bergbaulexikon .)