Antikleia (daughter of Autolycus)

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Antikleia ( Greek  Ἀντίκλεια ) is a female figure in Greek mythology .

Antikleia was the daughter of Autolycus and Amphithea , wife of Laertes and the mother of Odysseus and Ktimene . According to Homer , Laertes was the father of Odysseus, who thus had Arkeisios as his paternal grandfather. Another genealogy that emerged after Homer made Sisyphus , the son of Aiolus , Odysseus' father. In this context, a version of the legend tells that Autolykos, who was a master thief, did not succeed in stealing Sisyphus' cattle without being recognized, whereupon he made them a guest; However, Sisyphus seduced Antikleia, who became pregnant and was then married by her father to Laertes and gave birth to Odysseus. According to another variant, Antikleia was on the way from her home Arcadia to Ithaca to her wedding with Laertes when she gave herself to Sisyphus. Tragedy writers often mentioned Sisyphus' alleged fatherhood.

About the circumstances of Odysseus' birth, Silenus of Chios reported that Antikleia had been surprised by a violent storm while walking on Mount Neriton on Ithaca and had given birth to her son out of fright. This is said to have got its name from Zeus , "who makes it rain" (Διὸς ὕσαντος). The Callimachus student Istros , on the other hand, moved Odysseus' birth to Boeotia ; Laertes picked Antikleia up from her father Autolykos and she gave birth to Odysseus near the town of Alalkomenai .

When Odysseus had been absent from home for a very long time because of his participation in the Trojan War and his subsequent long wanderings, Antikleia died out of concern for her son. According to Hyginus Mythographus , she received false news about her son and therefore killed herself. Eustathios of Thessalonike explains that Nauplios, in revenge for the killing of his son Palamedes at Odysseus' instigation, spread the rumor that Odysseus was dead, whereupon Antikleia hanged himself; Penelope was thrown into the sea by Nauplios, but was rescued by ducks.

When Odysseus left the sorceress Kirke and came to the entrance of Hades after a sea voyage , he made a donation for the dead. One of the shadows of the deceased who came to the sacrificial pit was Antikleias. But Odysseus initially kept his mother away, like all the other shadows, until the spirit of the seer Teiresias had appeared and had drunk from the pit, because he was awaiting his prophecy to bring about his homecoming. Then he let Antikleia drink some of the blood of the sacrificed animals and learned from her that Penelope was still waiting for him and that Laertes had withdrawn from the court. The Greek painter Polygnot reproduced this scene in a painting in Delphi .

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ Homer , Odyssey 11, 84f .; 19, 416; Eustathios of Thessalonike , Commentary on Odyssey 19, 416, p. 1870, 16f.
  2. ↑ Homer, Odyssey 11, 84ff .; 15, 347ff.
  3. ↑ Homer, Odyssey 16, 118; 24, 270.
  4. ^ Tzetzes , Commentary on Lykophron , Alexandra 344; Hyginus Mythographus , Fabulae 201; Similar to Scholien to Homer, Iliad 10, 266.
  5. ↑ Scholien zu Sophocles , Aias 190.
  6. ↑ Aeschylus , fragment 175; Sophocles, Aias 190; Sophocles, Philoctetes 417 (with Scholia) and 1311; Euripides , Iphigenia in Aulis 524 and 1362; Euripides, The Cyclops 104; see. also Plutarch , Quaestiones graecae 43; Servius , Commentary on Virgil , Aeneis 6, 529; among others
  7. ^ Tzetzes, Commentary on Lykophron, Alexandra 786; Ptolemy Chennos in Photios , Codex 190, 147a; Scholien zur Odyssey 1.75; Eustathios on the Odyssey 19, 407, p. 1871, 19.
  8. ↑ Plutarch, Quaestiones graecae 43.
  9. ↑ Homer, Odyssey 11, 202; 15, 358.
  10. ^ Hyginus Mythographus, Fabulae 243.
  11. ↑ Eustathios on Odyssey 1, 344 and 11, 23, p. 1422, 7 and 1678, 23.
  12. ↑ Homer, Odyssey 11, 84ff. and 11, 155-225; Hyginus Mythographus, Fabulae 125; Library of Apollodorus , Epitome 7, 17
  13. ^ Pausanias 10:29 , 8.