Araucaria columnaris
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Araucaria columnaris is a plant from the genus of Araukarien ( Araucaria ) within the family of Araucariaceae (Araucariaceae). It is endemic to the south and west of New Caledonia .
description
Araucaria columnaris grows as an evergreen tree that can reach heights of up to 60 meters. The crown is more or less conical in shape. The gray, paper-like bark peels off in thin strips. The lower part of the trunk is initially unbranched and forms short branches with age. The branches have a diameter of 0.9 to 1 centimeter.
The leaves on young specimens are needle-like and have a curved tip. They are lancet-shaped with a length of 4 to 7 millimeters and a width of 2 to 3 millimeters. On older specimens, the scaly leaves, which overlap like roof tiles, are 5 to 7 millimeters long and 3 to 5 millimeters wide, pointed or obtuse triangular with a curved upper end and an indistinct central rib.
The male cones are oval-cylindrical in shape with a length of 5 to 10 centimeters and a diameter of 1.5 to 2.2 centimeters. They contain pointed microsporophylls with ten pollen sacs. The female cones have a length of 10 to 15 centimeters and a diameter of 7 to 11 centimeters. They stand on a handle around 7 millimeters long. With a length of 3 to 3.5 centimeters, the egg-shaped seed has a broadly rounded wing.
The trunk of the Araucaria columnaris is usually crooked and always inclined towards the equator. The closer the plants are to the poles, the greater the inclination. It is not yet known why this is so.
Occurrence
The natural range of Araucaria columnaris is in the coastal areas of New Caledonia . It is found in the southern province of Grande Terre , on the Île des Pins and on the Loyalty Islands . It is also often planted in other coastal regions of New Caledonia.
Araucaria columnaris thrives at altitudes between 0 and 50 meters. It mainly inhabits dense, moist, evergreen forests. It is the only Araucaria species in New Caledonia that also grows on calcareous soils . On the Île des Pins, it is also found on soils that develop from corals.
use
Araucaria columnaris is occasionally planted as an ornamental wood .
Systematics
Araucaria columnaris belongs to the section Eutacta within the genus of the Araucaria ( Araucaria ). The first description as a species with the name Cupressus columnaris was made by Georg Forster in 1786 in Florulae Insularum Australium Prodromus, page 67. The first description in the genus Araucaria as Araucaria columnaris was in 1852 by William Jackson Hooker in Botanical Magazine 78, plate 4635. Synonyms for Araucaria columnaris Hook. are among others Araucaria cookii R.Br. and Araucaria excelsa (Lamb.) R.Br.
Danger
Araucaria columnaris is listed as “not endangered” on the IUCN Red List . Since the majority of the stocks occur near the coast, mining poses no danger.
swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Araucaria columnaris. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, accessed June 2, 2011 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Christopher J. Earle: Araucaria columnaris. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, accessed June 2, 2011 .
- ↑ Puzzling misalignment. In: sueddeutsche.de. June 8, 2017, accessed September 7, 2018 .
- ↑ a b c Araucaria columnaris in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2010. Posted by: Thomas, P., 2009. Accessed June 2, 2011th
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Araucaria. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 16, 2019.
- ↑ Araucaria columnaris at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed June 2, 2011.
Web links
Araucaria columnaris. www.endemia.nc, accessed on June 2, 2011 (French, brief description, images and distributionmap).