Arctic poppy
| Arctic poppy | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arctic poppy (flowers, nodding buds, unripe fruit capsules). |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Papaver radicatum | ||||||||||||
| Rottb. |
Arctic poppy ( Papaver radicatum , formerly also Papaver nudicaule ) is a species of the poppy genus ( Papaver ) within the poppy family (Papaveraceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The arctic poppy is a perennial herbaceous plant with a yellow milky sap. From a "rhizome" it forms a relatively dense, several sub-plants, basal rosette of blue-green, lanceolate three- to five-fold lobed and roughly toothed hairy leaves.
Generative characteristics
On mostly several, 12 to 20 cm high, unbranched, protruding hairy, often reddish colored stems , it bears only a single flower up to 5 cm in size , the buds of which are spherical and nodding. The inflorescence consists of two hairy sepals , four sulfur-yellow, later greenish-yellow petals about 1.5 cm long. From the ovary forms a kettle-shaped, about 1 cm long and 0.6 cm thick pore capsule containing a large number of very small seeds contains.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 42, 56 or 70.
ecology
The arctic poppy is a real solar collector - its petals are shaped so that they catch the sun's rays and reflect them onto the ovaries in the center of the flower. The flower heads turn to the sun in a rotating manner and let its rays always stand at an optimal angle of incidence. In this way, the plant succeeds in increasing the temperature and enabling seeds to ripen in the shortest possible time - essential for the survival of the species in the short arctic summer.
The seeds are spread by the wind.
Occurrence
Arctic poppies and their subgroups are circumpolar in arctic climates, for example on the coasts of Greenland and in the arctic north-east of Canada ( Canadian-Arctic archipelago and Canadian mainland including the north coast of the province of Quebec ), in northern Alaska , on Iceland , in Lapland , on Svalbard , on Franz Josef Land and on the northeast coast of Siberia . With the opposed saxifrage , this species is the furthest north living flowering plant ; both still survive at 83 ° 40 'north latitude on Kaffeklubben Island , which is generally considered to be the northernmost solid land in the world.
Arctic poppies prefer to grow in open gravel areas.
Systematics and distribution of the European subspecies
Papaver radicatum was first published by Christen Friis Rottbøll .
For example, eight subspecies were distinguished in Europe in 1991. They all have the chromosome number 2n = 70:
- Papaver radicatum subsp. radicatum : It occurs in Europe on Iceland and on the Faroe Islands .
- Papaver radicatum subsp. relictum (E. Lundström) Tolm. : It occurs only in southern Norway.
- Papaver radicatum subsp. ovatilobum Tolm. : It occurs only in southern Norway.
- Papaver radicatum subsp. intermedium (Nordh.) Knaben : It occurs only in southern Norway.
- Papaver radicatum subsp. ocksendalense boys : It occurs only in southern Norway.
- Papaver radicatum subsp. subglobosum Nordh. : It only occurs in Norway.
- Papaver radicatum subsp. hyperboreum Nordh. : It occurs only in northern Norway and northern Sweden.
- Papaver radicatum subsp. macrostigma (Nordh.) Nordh. : It occurs only in northern Norway.
literature
- Nathaniel Lord Britton & Addison Brown: Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States and Canada, Vol. II ; New York 1970 ISBN 0-486-22643-3
- Page Burt: Barrenland Beauties - Showy Plants of the Arctic Coast ; Yellowknife 1991 & 2000 ISBN 0-919315-25-9
- A. Erling Porsild & William J. Cody: Vascular Plants of Continental Northwest Territories, Canada ; Ottawa 1980 ISBN 0-660-00119-5
Individual evidence
- ↑ Papaver radicatum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Photos - Videos: Sagax Groenland 2007 ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae europaeae . Volume 9 (Paeoniaceae to Capparaceae). Pages 49-53, Helsinki 1991. ISBN 951-9108-08-4 .
