Armenian Cemetery (Pangaltı)

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Funeral procession in front of the Armenian Cemetery Pangaltı (Surp Hagop Cemetery) 1913.

The Armenian Cemetery Pangaltı ( Armenian Սուրբ Հակոբ հայկական գերեզմանատուն ) from 1551 was located in the Constantinople district of Pangaltı (today: Elmadağ) on Taksim Square and belonged to the Surp Agop Hospital . In its place are the Divan , Hilton and Hyatt hotels , part of the Gezi Park and the Turkish Radio (TRT) building.

It was part of a large, religiously mixed cemetery area in the north of Taksim. The cemetery was the largest non-Muslim cemetery in Istanbul history .

history

The Pangaltı cemetery was founded in 1560 after an epidemic , the Armenian community got them at Sultan I. Süleyman to turn. Because of his Armenian cook, Manouk Karaseferyan from Van , who had saved his life, Süleyman accepted the request to build the cemetery. It was enlarged in 1780 and enclosed by a wall in 1853. The Pera district was close to the cemetery, so an outbreak of cholera in 1865 led the Ottoman government to ban funerals and instead have them held in the Armenian Şişli cemetery . At the request of the mostly European-Christian residents of Pera, part of the Armenian cemetery area was converted into one of Istanbul's first public parks, the Taksim Garden, in 1869.

The rest of the Pangaltı cemetery as well as the neighboring Muslim cemetery Ayaspaşa Mezarlığı was built over by Henri Prost as part of Taksim's restructuring . In 1939 the marble tombstones were sold and used in the construction of the columns and stairs in Gezi Park . Other parts of the cemetery were used in the construction of Eminönü Square, which, like Gezi Park, was built by the French city planner and architect Henri Prost.

During the excavation work for the renovation of the new Taksim Square, 16 tombstones of the Armenian Pangalti Cemetery were discovered.

Case

In 1932, Mesrob Naroyan , the Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople , filed a lawsuit for the return of the property as the Istanbul city council claimed the cemetery for itself. The city administration justified this with the fact that the patriarchate did not have a land deed. The Patriarchate stated that despite the lack of such a deed, it still had the right to own the cemetery, as Turkish law allowed the acquisition of such a land deed if a property was uncontestably occupied for a period of more than 15 years. Since this was the case with the patriarchy, as a long-time usufructuary of the cemetery, it claimed ownership for itself.

However, on the basis of the results of a commission investigating the case, on July 9, 1932, the court found the arguments of the Patriarchate to be irrelevant, as a result of which the Armenians lost the cemetery.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Gokhan Tan: Varolmayanın tescili. In: Radical . July 24, 2011, accessed December 21, 2012 (Turkish).
  2. ↑ a b c Tamar Nalci: Istanbul Radio was an Armenian Cemetery. (No longer available online.) In: Midyat. Archived from the original on August 20, 2017 ; Retrieved December 21, 2012 (Turkish). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.midyathabur.com
  3. ^ Vehbi Koç : My life story: the autobiography of a Turkish businessman . Vehbi Koç Foundation, 1977, p. 238 .
  4. ↑ a b Pars Tuğlacı : İstanbul Ermeni kiliseleri . Pars Yayın, Istanbul 1991, ISBN 978-975-7423-00-3 .
  5. ↑ Feriha Büyükünal: Bir zaman tüneli: Beyoğlu . 1. baskı. Edition. Doğan Kitap, Güneşli, Istanbul 2006, ISBN 978-975-293-433-7 , p. 21 .
  6. ↑ a b c Emile Greenhouse: The Armenian Past of Taksim Square. In: The New Yorker . June 28, 2013, accessed February 7, 2015 .
  7. ↑ a b c d Tamar Nalci: Bir Gasp Hikâyesi. In: Bianet. August 27, 2011, accessed December 21, 2012 (Turkish).
  8. ↑ a b c Guillaume Perrier: Sous le parc occupé d'Istanbul, un cimetière arménien. In: Le Monde. June 11, 2013, accessed on February 7, 2015 (French): “Le terrain donné par le sultan se trouve aujourd'hui au nord de la place Taksim, occupé par une partie du parc Gezi, quelques hôtels de luxe, des immeubles et un bâtiment de la Radio télévision turque (TRT). De ce vaste terrain, seul l'hôpital Sourp Hagop subsiste. Le reste, qui appartenait à la communauté, a été spolié par la République. Le cimetière a été entièrement détruit dans les années 1930 et ses pierres tombales ont été réutilisées dans la construction d'un nouveau center urbain par l'urbaniste Henri Prost, luteur du plan d'aménagement d'Istanbul choisi par Ataturk . "
  9. ↑ Günay Göksu Özdoğan: Türkiye'de Ermeniler: cemaat, birey, yurttaş . 1. baskı. Edition. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, Şişli 2009, ISBN 978-6-05399095-6 .
  10. ↑ BEYOĞLU ÜÇ HORAN (YERRORTUTYUN) ERMENİ KİLİSESİ VAKFI. SURP YERRORTUTYUN ERMENİ KİLİSESİ. In: istanbulermenivakiflari.org. Hrant Dink Vakfı, June 21, 2012, archived from the original on January 7, 2015 ; Retrieved July 4, 2013 (Turkish).
  11. ^ Zeynep Çelik: The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century . 2nd publication edition. University of California Press, 1986, ISBN 0-520-08239-7 , pp. 163 .
  12. ↑ In Istanbul's Heart, Leader's Obsession, Perhaps Achilles' Heel. In: The New York Times . June 7, 2013, accessed June 27, 2013 .
  13. ↑ Learning From Taksim Square: Architecture, State Power, and Public Space In Istanbul. In: The Huffington Post . June 14, 2013, accessed June 27, 2013 .
  14. ↑ a b Karin Karakasli: Geçmise direnmek. In: Agos . June 6, 2013, archived from the original on January 6, 2014 ; retrieved on February 7, 2015 (Turkish): "Mezar taslarinin çogu, sehir planlamacisi Henri Prost'un tasarladigi yeni Eminönü Meydani'nin onariminda ve Gezi Parki'nin merdivenlerinin yapiminda kullanilir."
  15. ↑ a b Burak Çetintaş: İstanbul: Şehri yıkarak tarihe geçenler . In: NTV Tarih . No. 47, December 2012.
  16. ↑ a b Kevork Pamukciyan: Ermeni kaynaklarından tarihe katkılar . Aras Yayıncılık, Istanbul 2003, ISBN 975-7265-53-5 .
  17. ↑ Gökhan Tan: Varolmayanın tescili. In: Radical. July 24, 2011, accessed December 21, 2012 (Turkish): “Mezartaşlarının çoğu, şehir planlamacısı Henri Prost'un tasarladığı yeni Eminönü Meydanı'nın onarımında ve Gezi Parkı'nın merdivenlerinin yapullmında”
  18. ↑ Tarih ve toplum . Issues: 37-48 edition. Tarih ve Toplum: Aylık Ansiklopedik Dergi, 1987, p. 86 ( online [accessed January 20, 2013] Mezar taşlarının büyük kısmı ise, Eminönü Meydanfnın onannıında kullamlmıştır.).
  19. ↑ Ali Ekber ERTÜRK: Taksim'de Ermeni mezarları çıktı. In: Akşam . June 29, 2013, Retrieved February 7, 2015 (Turkish).
  20. ^ Zaven der Yeghiayan : My patriarchal memoirs . Ed .: Ghazarian. Mayreni publ., Barrington (RI) 2002, ISBN 978-1-931834-05-6 (annotated by Vatche Ghazarian).
  21. ↑ a b c Soner Çağaptay : Islam, secularism, and nationalism in modern Turkey: who is a Turk? Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-17448-5 , pp. 135 ( online [accessed December 21, 2012]).

Coordinates: 41 ° 2 ′ 32.1 ″  N , 28 ° 59 ′ 17.7 ″  E