Hrant Dink

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Hrant Dink (born September 15, 1954 in Malatya , Turkey , † January 19, 2007 in Istanbul , Turkey; Armenian Հրանտ Դինք , in Western Armenian pronunciation [ hǝ'ɹand tʰiŋkʰ ], in the Eastern Armenian pronunciation common in Armenia [ hǝ'ɹant di üblichenkʰ ] ; officially Fırat Dink) was an Armenian with Turkish citizenship, a journalist and one of the editors of the Istanbul bilingual weekly Agos . The editor, persecuted for years by nationalist forces in society and the judiciary, was shot dead in the street.

Life

Dink was raised as a Christian in the Armenian Apostolic Church and grew up in Armenian orphanages in Istanbul after his parents separated .

As a teenager he played football for the Istanbul club Taksim SK . Dink studied zoology and philosophy and was politically active as a student on the left, which is why he was arrested three times after the coup in 1980 . He was imprisoned for several months and not given a passport from the Turkish authorities for years.

His life changed when, in the mid-1980s, the Turkish state confiscated the Armenian vacation home where he had spent the summers as a child and which he ran with his wife Rakel at the time. Like thousands of other Christian sites (including churches, hospitals and schools), it was confiscated, in this case on the pretext that the Armenian Church had illegally bought the property. He then founded a bookstore with his brothers and began to work as a journalist. He wrote book reviews mostly under the pseudonym Çutak (violin). In 1996 he and some friends founded the Armenian newspaper Agos , in which politically sensitive topics are openly discussed, in two languages, Armenian and Turkish .

Hrant Dink was tried many times because of articles in the Agos , several times for " insulting Turkish people " according to Art. 159 Para. 1 tStGB a. Q. He was charged in 2005 after writing an eight-part series of articles on the relationship between the Armenians and the Turks. The following passage in particular caused offense: "The noble blood that will replace the poisonous blood flowing from the Turks is contained in those veins that the Armenians will create together with Armenia". Hrant stated that this sentence was taken out of context; he wanted to call on the Diaspora Armenians to free themselves from their hatred of the Turks, which poisoned their blood, and to replace this “poisoned blood” with the “pure blood” of a normal relationship with their Armenian homeland. The controversial sentence was also at the center of the arguments of the courts, as Zekai Dağaşan analyzed in his legal dissertation published in 2015. The judges of the Court of Cassation saw two possible interpretations for him, either “that the Turkish blood is poisonous” - which had caused public outrage - or “that the Armenian blood was poisoned by Turkish influence, but not necessarily that that Turkish blood itself is poisonous ”. Although they recognized this ambiguity, the judges of both the first instance and the Court of Cassation, in its revision, considered the criminal offense to be fulfilled, since this passage was a saying of Ataturk (“The strength you need is contained in the noble blood that in your veins flowing ”) have deliberately distorted. In contrast, two judges belonging to the judging Senate of the Court of Cassation, Osman Şirin and Muvaffak Tatar , argued in a separate vote that the passage should be read in the context of the entire series of articles; the purpose of the blood expression can be seen from the last paragraph of the sixth article, in which Dink wrote: “In the end it turns out that the Turks are both the poison and the antidote of Armenian identity. The real question is whether the Armenian identity will free itself from the Turks or not. "From this, according to Şirin and Tatar, it follows that Dink's statement with the" poisonous blood "was" not aimed at Turkishness or the Turks "," but rather on the incorrect understanding of the Armenians resulting from the events around 1915 ”. They also said that the judgment gave the fatal impression that Dink's expression of opinion, classifying the “events of 1915” as genocide (see Genocide of the Armenians ), would be punished.

Contrary to the advice of a legal expert commission, Dink was sentenced in October 2005 by the 2nd criminal chamber in Şişli to a prison term of six months, the execution of which the court suspended. In May 2006, the 9th Criminal Senate of the Court of Cassation rejected the appeal. Finally, the appeal filed by the Public Prosecutor's Office at the Court of Cassation in July 2006 was also rejected by the Grand Criminal Senate. With the conviction, the attacks on Hrant Dink received official backing, summarized the NZZ . Dink went to the European Court of Human Rights after the verdict was pronounced in October 2006, but was murdered prior to a decision. In his last article in the newspaper "Agos", Dink described how he had been targeted by "certain forces" and how his statements had been instrumentalized. a. that people like the avowed nationalist and lawyer Kemal Kerinçsiz are constantly coating him with new lawsuits, the judiciary in Turkey is not independent and he is covered with threatening letters. Three other proceedings were still pending when he died, among other things because he had written that the genocide of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire had "exterminated a people who had lived on this land for 4,000 years".

assassination

Red carnations at the crime scene

On January 19, 2007, Hrant Dink was shot in front of the Agos publishing house in Istanbul . According to the eyewitness Muharrem Gözütok, the perpetrator shouted as he ran away: "I shot the unbeliever."

Arrests and Background

16-year-old Ogün Samast was arrested as a suspected perpetrator in Samsun , and ten other suspects were arrested with him. Samast's father recognized his son on a published surveillance video and gave the police a lead. Prime Minister Erdoğan confirmed the arrest of the perpetrator.

Ogün Samast confessed and showed no remorse. CNN Türk quoted him as saying, “I shot him after Friday prayers. I don't regret it. ”As a motive for his act, he stated that his victim had offended the Turkish people. "I read on the Internet that he said: 'I am from Turkey, but Turkish blood is dirty'," said the confessed perpetrator.

Samast comes from the Turkish city of Trabzon and was considered unemployed. In the two weeks before the attack, he is said to have flown five times with a private airline to Istanbul. The Catholic priest Andrea Santoro had been murdered in Trabzon almost a year earlier, also by a 16-year-old youth. The Turkish police are investigating possible links between the killings of Dink and Santoro. Regarding the minors of both assassins, Istanbul Bar Association President Kazım Kolcuoğlu said that minors are used for murders in Turkey because they received fewer sentences than adults.

According to the Turkish newspaper Hürriyet , the nationalist extremist Yasin Hayal admitted that he had obtained a gun and money for Ogün Samast. Hayal had already been sentenced to 11 months in prison for an attack on a McDonald's restaurant in 2004.

The then Interior Minister Abdülkadir Aksu announced after a condolence visit to Hrant Dink's widow, Rakel Dink, that the most important perpetrators of the attack had been arrested.

Ogün Samast was detained in Bayrampaşa City Prison, Istanbul Province on January 25, 2007 . According to his lawyer Levent Yıldırım, his client had no contact with terrorist organizations. However, he stressed that Samast had been influenced. According to Yıldırım, contrary to reports in newspapers, Samast regretted the act.

Domestic reactions

Sculpture dedicated to Dink in "Hrant-Dink-Park" in Akdeniz

Turkish Prime Minister Erdoğan condemned the attack as a “heinous crime”. However, he did not attend the funeral, although he had previously described the murder of Hrant Dink as "shooting at Turkey". He apologized for having to open a motorway tunnel. Turkish President Ahmet Necdet Sezer was also shocked by the attack on Dink, but did not attend the funeral either. Thousands of Turks protested the murder at spontaneous rallies in Istanbul and Ankara on the evening of January 19, 2007 . Again and again the choirs chanted “We are all Hrant Dink, we are all Armenians”. After his death, it was criticized that Dink had received no personal protection despite objective evidence that he was at risk.

The eight-kilometer-long funeral procession with Hrant Dink's coffin was accompanied by around one hundred thousand people, while the song Sarı Gelin (The Blonde Bride) played from mobile speakers . The song, which is sung in both Turkish and Armenian, tells the story of a Turkish-Muslim boy and an Armenian-Christian girl who, despite their great love, are not allowed to find each other and are not allowed to marry.

The Turkish media landscape took a stand in the case of the murdered Hrant Dink. The daily newspaper Hürriyet with the highest circulation wrote that the murderer had betrayed the Turkish nation and headlined in its online edition: "Turkey buried its own child", the liberal Milliyet wrote "People did not leave Hrant Dink alone at the funeral" and " Hrant Dink is Turkey ”, the Sabah described the murder of the journalist as the“ greatest betrayal of Turkey ”, and the left-wing national Cumhuriyet headlined:“ Shots at Turkey! ”. In a large-scale survey of the online edition of the daily Hürriyet a few days after Dink's murder, whether the slogan “We are all Armenians” was justified, in which 463,063 readers took part, according to the newspaper, 52.2% of the readers decided on the other hand, 47% in favor and 0.8% said they did not deal with the topic.

The Turkish Nobel Prize -carrier Orhan Pamuk made the Turkish government for the murder responsible. During a condolence visit to Dink's family, he pointed out the lynch mentality in Turkey. Dink had been declared an enemy of the state and a target because of the statements about the Armenian genocide . Like many other intellectuals in Turkey, Pamuk called for the abolition of the "Turkishness" article of the Turkish penal code .

Turkish policemen posed for photos and video with the suspect after the suspected murderer of Hrant Dink was arrested. In the pictures he stands in front of a poster with the national flag, on which the words of the state founder Mustafa Kemal Ataturk can be read: “The country of the nation is sacred. It must not be left to fate. ”A voice can be heard on the video asking if the spell could not be placed directly above the head of the murder suspect. The public prosecutor's office was investigating for “glorifying a crime and a criminal”. The Turkish press, e.g. B. the newspaper Sabah , was outraged.

Reactions abroad

The Frankfurter Rundschau put the official condolences in the context of the problematic minority politics of Turkey : “Erdogan cannot use mass protests in the 2007 election year. He therefore condemned the murder with pithy words: the shots at Dink 'were aimed at us all'. The government showered the dead Hrant Dink with expressions of solidarity. But why did she keep silent about hate campaigns and lawsuits against Dink when he was still alive? Crocodile tears are also shed in the media. Some papers that now castigate Dink's murder as 'betrayal of Turkey' branded the uncomfortable man as a traitor while he was still alive. "

The Armenian newspaper “Arawot” (Արավոտ, in German “Tomorrow”) wrote: “Through his work, Hrant Dink proved a very important thing: You can be loyal to both the Armenian nation and the Turkish state without acting contradictingly. For Dink, recognition of the Armenian genocide was not only recognition of historical truth, but also the path that would make it possible to transform Turkey into a more modern, more civilized, more 'European' state. Unfortunately, this state, in the form of its elites and officials, is fighting against it with all means. An atmosphere full of racism and intolerance has been created in the neighboring country, the victim of which was the Armenian journalist. And the responsibility for this atmosphere is primarily borne by the Turkish state apparatus. ”(Note: An essential justification for the persecution of the Armenians in the discourse of the deniers of genocide is that the Armenians were henchmen of foreign, imperialist powers.)

The then member of the European Parliament, Cem Özdemir, wrote in an obituary: "Hrant Dink was one of Turkey's great intellectuals, a staunch democrat who campaigned for the rights of minorities as well as for another culture of remembrance in his home country."

Memorial service and funeral

On the Sunday after the attack, memorial services for Hrant Dink were held in Armenian churches around the world. The memorial service was celebrated by the Armenian Orthodox Patriarch Mesrop II Mutafyan in the Church of Meryem Ana (Holy Mary) in Kumkapı. In his sermon, the Armenian Orthodox Patriarch called for an honest dialogue between the ethnic groups in Armenian and Turkish and asked God's blessing for Turkey. After the funeral service, more than 100,000 people accompanied the hearse over the Unkapanı Bridge to the Balıklı Armenian Cemetery in Zeytinburnu , Istanbul. Rakel Dink, the murdered man's widow, read a letter to her husband in which she expressed her assurance that she would see her husband again in heaven. It became clear that Dink had belonged to the Christian minority in Turkey. Several ministers from the Turkish government attended the memorial service, which was broadcast on CNN and NTV TV channels .

40 days after the murder, the traditional worship service in honor of the dead took place in the Church of St. Mary in the European part of Istanbul. In addition to Dink's relatives, Patriarch Mesrob II, who has received death threats for some time, also took part in this celebration. A stranger fired several shots into the air.

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The funeral procession with almost 100,000 people on Halaskargazi Street, where the Agos newspaper is also located (the building on the far right in the picture, with a large Hrant Dink poster on its facade).

Trial and judgments

Half a year after Dink's murder, the trial of the alleged perpetrators began in Istanbul on July 2, 2007. The trial took place in camera because the main defendant, Ogün Samast , was not yet of legal age. The public prosecutor's office demanded 24 years imprisonment for him, the maximum sentence under Turkish youth law . Two alleged perpetrators of the crime, the adults Erhan Tuncel and Yasin Hayal, are to serve life imprisonment according to the will of the prosecution . Among other things, you are accused of being a member of a terrorist organization . A total of 18 people have to answer in court. The Dink family's lawyer, Fethiye Çetin , criticized on the first day of the trial that not all those responsible had been charged. According to information from the lawyer, video recordings from the surveillance cameras at the crime scene had disappeared. At the beginning of the trial, 1,000 people, including Dink's widow, gathered in front of the courthouse to demonstrate against fascism and nationalism.

The second hearing took place on October 1, 2007. The defendant Ogün Samast testified that he was coerced by Yasin Hayal and regretted the act. He didn't know that Dink had a family. Had he known this, he would not have committed the act.

In July 2011, Ogün Samast was found guilty of murdering Hrant Dink on January 19, 2007. The perpetrator was sentenced to 22 years and ten months in prison under Article 82 of the Turkish Penal Code .

Until January 2012, two other men stood trial as Samast's helpers. Right-wing nationalist Yasin Hayal was sentenced to life imprisonment for murder, but at the same time acquitted of allegations of membership in a terrorist group. A former police agent was acquitted of a charge of complicity in Dink's murder but received a prison sentence of almost 11 years for a pre-murder crime.

The Turkish journalist Oral Çalışlar reported on January 19, 2016, the 9th anniversary of Hrant Dink's death, in a newspaper article entitled Hrant'ın Ölümüne karar veren merkez ... (“The headquarters that decided Hrant's assassination”) give a number of indications that the murder of Hrant Dink took place under the supervision of officials of the secret service of the Jandarma . The well-known names of this group of perpetrators are not to be found in the new indictment.

plant

The weekly newspaper Agos does not have a large circulation, but it receives a lot of attention in Turkey. For example, the newspaper reports on expropriations, discrimination and laws directed against freedom of the press and freedom of expression, and the harassment of the Christian minority by the Turkish bureaucracy. She criticized the fact that there has never been a high-ranking non- Muslim official or officer in Kemalist and secular Turkey . Only at universities could minority members make a career in civil service.

The genocide of the Armenians is also an issue in Agos . Hrant Dink considered debates about numbers - whether "only" 300,000 or 1.5 million Armenians died at the time - and about the term " genocide " to be less important. Those who insist on the term “genocide” do not want a solution. For the Armenians, the only decisive factor is that the extermination of the Armenians in what is now Turkey is recognized as a historical fact. Dink rejected resolutions by parliaments denying the genocide of the Armenians . He described the draft of the French law on the denial of genocide as “idiotic” because it is based on the same mentality as those who restrict freedom of expression in Turkey.

In publishing Hans Schiler a selection of articles from Hrant Dink was published in 2008 under the title From seed of words translated by Günter Seufert . An expanded new edition followed in 2015.

Honors

Awards

In 2005, Hrant Dink received the Ayşe Nur Zarakolu Düşünce ve İfade Özgürlüğü Ödülü (Ayşe Nur Zarakolu Freedom of Thought and Expression Prize).

On May 12, 2006, Hrant Dink was awarded the Henri Nannen Prize in Hamburg for his services to freedom of the press. For his work he received the Norwegian Björnson Prize, endowed with 100,000 crowns, on November 24, 2006, and the Oxfam Pen Award in The Hague (Netherlands) in December 2006 .

Posthumous honors

Posthumously, on November 15, 2007 - on the occasion of the International Writers in Prison Day  - Hrant Dink received the Hermann Kesten Medal for his fight for freedom of expression in Turkey , which is awarded by the PEN Center Germany and the Hessian Ministry for Science and Art. Daniel Cohn-Bendit gave the laudation. In 2007 Dink was also posthumously awarded the special prize of the Freedom to Publish Prize of the International Publishers Union .

On April 2, 2011, the world premiere of a trilingual oratorio for the murdered journalist took place in Wuppertal: Wie ein Taube / bir güvercin gibi / aghavnii me neman (German, Turkish , Armenian ). The text combines words by Hrant and Rakel Dink with quotes from the Talmud , Sermon on the Mount and the Koran as well as from west-eastern poets: Else Lasker-Schüler , Jallaludin Rumi , Armin T. Wegner and Bertolt Brecht . Ulrich Klan created the music. The performance took place in front of an international audience and guests of honor from Istanbul and Armenia. The work caused a standing ovation. The Turkish-Armenian newspaper Agos , formerly published by Hrant Dink, published a positive review of the premiere on April 8th. The oratorio is now also available on DVD.

In 2012 the Johann Philipp Palm Prize for freedom of expression and freedom of the press was awarded to Hrant Dink. The prize money should go to the writer's foundation.

A film about Dink planned by Fatih Akin did not materialize. Akin said he was unable to find a Turkish lead actor; the actors asked found the script to be "too drastic".

Hrant Dink Foundation

The Hrant Dink Foundation was established the same year he was murdered. It is her task to preserve the memory of Hrant Dink. It also promotes measures to increase respect for cultural differences, fights against racism , sexism and other forms of discrimination and exclusion, and promotes measures for equal opportunities and creativity for children and young people. Since 2009 the foundation has published regular reports on hate speech in the media.

literature

  • Wolfgang Gieler , Friederike Petersen: The Hrant Dink case - five years after the murder. An analysis of Turkish daily newspapers (= Politics & Culture. Vol. 13). With a foreword by Claudia Roth . Lit, Berlin, Münster 2013, ISBN 978-3-643-12243-8 .
  • Tuba Çandar: Hrant Dink: An Armenian Voice of the Voiceless in Turkey. Translated into English by Maureen Freely. Transaction, New Brunswick 2016, ISBN 978-1-4128-6268-4 ( review at Hürriyet ).

Web links

Commons : Hrant Dink  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Interviews with Hrant Dink

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Gerd Höhler : Silenced . ( Memento from March 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) In: Handelsblatt - Online , January 20, 2007.
  2. ↑ Bir zamanlar Hrant Dink vardı !. ( Memento from March 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) In: Radikal , January 23, 2011 (Turkish).
  3. ^ Zekai Dağaşan: The reputation of the state in Turkish and German criminal law (= contemporary legal history. Department 5: Current legal affairs - legal policy and justice from a contemporary perspective. Vol. 24). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, Boston 2015, p. 126.
  4. ^ Üstün Bilgen-Reinart: Hrant Dink: forging an Armenian identity in Turkey. ( Memento of October 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) In: Opendemocracy.net , February 7, 2006 (English).
  5. ^ Zekai Dağaşan: The reputation of the state in Turkish and German criminal law (= contemporary legal history. Department 5: Current legal affairs - legal policy and justice from a contemporary perspective. Vol. 24). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, Boston 2015, end note 364.
  6. ^ Zekai Dağaşan: The reputation of the state in Turkish and German criminal law (= contemporary legal history. Department 5: Current legal affairs - legal policy and justice from a contemporary perspective. Vol. 24). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, Boston 2015, end note 365.
  7. ^ Zekai Dağaşan: The reputation of the state in Turkish and German criminal law (= contemporary legal history. Department 5: Current legal affairs - legal policy and justice from a contemporary perspective. Vol. 24). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, Boston 2015, end note 367.
  8. ↑ Hrant Dink'i 'yakan' yazılar . ( Memento of February 3, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) In: Radikal , October 10, 2005, accessed January 29, 2007.
  9. ^ Üstün Bilgen-Reinart: Hrant Dink: forging an Armenian identity in Turkey. In: Opendemocracy.net , February 7, 2006 (English); Yıldırım Turk : Hrant'ın hikâyesi . ( Memento from September 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) In: Radikal , July 24, 2006 (Turkish).
  10. ↑ Kassationshof (9. StrS) , May 1, 2006, E. 2006/711, K. 2006/2497.
  11. ↑ Kassationshof (GrStrS) , July 11, 2006, E. 2006 / 9-169, K. 2006/184.
  12. ^ Political bloody act in Turkey clarified . ( Memento of March 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) In: NZZ Online , January 21, 2007.
  13. ↑ a b Provocation for the Turkish nationalists . FAZ .net, January 22, 2007.
  14. ↑ "I am like a dove". In: Der Tagesspiegel , January 22, 2007.
  15. ^ Turkish-Armenian journalist murdered , Ö1-Inforadio ( Memento from March 14, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  16. ^ Turkish-Armenian editor shot dead in Istanbul . Reuters, January 19, 2007.
  17. ↑ tagesschau.de: Turkish-Armenian journalist shot (tagesschau.de archive), January 19, 2007
  18. ↑ Turkish journalist who spoke up for Armenians is shot dead in the street telegraph.co.uk, January 20, 2007
  19. ↑ a b Adolescent admits murder of Hrant Dink . FAZ .net, January 21, 2007
  20. ↑ İşte katil zanlısı - This is the alleged murderer . In: Hürriyet , January 20, 2007.
  21. ↑ Report: Teen admits killing Turkish journalist ( July 4, 2008 memento in the Internet Archive ) cnn.com, January 21, 2007 (archived website).
  22. ↑ Turkish teenager confesses to killing journalist . dw.com/ AFP , January 21, 2007.
  23. ↑ Youngster admits murder of journalists . ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Die Presse , January 21, 2007. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.diepresse.com
  24. ↑ Murderer of Hrant Dink Captured . ( Memento of September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) In: Journal of Turkish Weekly , January 21, 2007.
  25. ↑ Fanatics filled Father Andrea's assassin with (wrong) ideas . AsiaNews, February 9, 2006.
  26. ↑ a b Turkish Police Arrest Teenage Suspect in Editor's Killing . In: New York Times , January 20, 2007.
  27. ↑ Extremist allegedly instigated young people to murder journalists . In: Spiegel Online , January 22, 2007
  28. ↑ İçişleri Bakanı Aksu: Cinayetin arkasındaki güçlerin önemli kısmı yakalandı . ( Memento of September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) zaman.com.tr, January 22, 2007.
  29. ↑ Dink's suspected murderer sent to jail . ( Memento of September 30, 2007 on the Internet Archive ) todayszaman.com, January 25, 2007 (archived website).
  30. ↑ We are all Armenians . In: Spiegel Online , January 23, 2007.
  31. ↑ Turkish-Armenian journalist killed in attack in Istanbul . In: Der Standard , January 19, 2007.
  32. ↑ The Denied Story . ( Memento from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) In: St. Galler Tagblatt , January 26, 2007 (archived website).
  33. ↑ Dink was the voice of the Armenians in Turkey . In: Die Welt , January 19, 2007.
  34. ↑ Youngster admits murder of journalists . In: Die Welt , January 21, 2007.
  35. ↑ İşte sonuçlar . In: Hürriyet , January 26, 2007.
  36. ↑ Hundreds expected at Hrant Dink's funeral . In: Wiener Zeitung , January 22, 2007.
  37. ↑ Susanne Güsten: Pamuk sees the mentality of lynching . In: Tagesspiegel , January 23, 2007.
  38. ↑ Turkish policemen turn dink killer into a hero . 20 minutes , February 2, 2007.
  39. ↑ Police officers posed with Dink-Killer . In: Spiegel Online , February 2, 2007.
  40. ↑ Police officers pose with the murderer . N-TV.de, February 2, 2007.
  41. ↑ new.aravot.am ( Memento of February 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive ).
  42. ↑ Cem Özdemir : Time of Decision . In: AI-Info , No. 3, 2007, p. 19.
  43. ↑ Turkey: Mourning for Hrant Dink became a testimony of faith . Kath.net , January 27, 2007.
  44. ↑ Shots in Istanbul . ( Memento of March 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Vatican Radio , March 5, 2007.
  45. ^ Beginning of the trial in the Dink murder case in Istanbul . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung , July 5, 2007.
  46. ^ Alleged murderers of journalist Dink in Istanbul before the court . In: Der Standard , July 2, 2007
  47. ↑ Hrant Dink's murderer in court . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , July 2, 2007.
  48. ↑ Dink cinayeti zanlısı OS: Beni Yasin zorladı, pişmanım . In: Milliyet , October 1, 2007.
  49. ↑ Dink murderer has been imprisoned for almost 23 years . ( Memento from February 11, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Tagesschau de. July 25, 2011. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
  50. ↑ Court sentenced journalist murderers to 23 years in prison . In: Spiegel Online , July 25, 2011.
  51. ↑ Trial in Istanbul: 22 years imprisonment for the murderer of Hrant Dink zeit.de, July 25, 2011.
  52. ^ Right-wing extremism: maximum penalty for helpers of Hrant Dink's murderer zeit.de, January 17, 2012.
  53. ↑ Hrant'ın Ölümüne karar veren merkez ... at radikal.com.tr, January 19, 2016 (accessed January 26, 2016).
  54. ^ Rainer Hermann: No Turkish sign of reconciliation . FAZ .net, April 14, 2005.
  55. ↑ Hrant Dink, an Armenian who loved Turkey and the truth . ( Memento of September 13, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Journal of Turkish Weekly , January 20, 2007 (archived website).
  56. ↑ From the seed of words. Compiled, translated from Turkish and edited. by Günter Seufert . Schiler, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-89930-222-6
  57. ↑ Information from the publisher on the expanded 2015 edition
  58. ↑ Awarded the Hermann Kesten Medal 2007 original sound documentation on radio-luma.net.
  59. ^ Prix ​​Voltaire - 2007 IPA FTP Prize Special Award , accessed August 29, 2019.
  60. ↑ Martina Thöne: Interview with Ulrich Klan. In: Westdeutsche Zeitung , March 25, 2011.
  61. ↑ Veronika Pantel: Standing ovations . In: Westdeutsche Zeitung , April 4, 2011.
  62. ↑ Information on the oratorio and the DVD Armin T. Wegner Society
  63. ↑ Akin says film about murdered Armenian journalists from diepresse.com, August 1, 2014
personal data
SURNAME Dink, Hrant
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Հրանտ Դինք (Armenian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Armenian-Turkish journalist and editor
DATE OF BIRTH September 15, 1954
PLACE OF BIRTH Malatya , Turkey
DATE OF DEATH January 19, 2007
Place of death Istanbul