Arne (Boeotia)

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Arne ( Greek  Ἄρνη ) is the name of the catalog of ships of the Iliad of Homer mentioned ancient city in the Greek countryside Viotia . The exact location has not yet been clarified, and proposed identifications with known locations are disputed.

According to the posthomer legend, the city was founded by Arne , daughter of Aiolus , after she had to flee from Metapont . Homer only briefly mentions Arne as one of the Boeotian cities who went to the Trojan War . The epithet " πολυστάφυλον " (= rich in grapes, rich in vines) is probably unspecific.

In later times Arne was forgotten, so that there were already various assumptions about the location of the city and its name in antiquity. Strabo gives four different theories: 1. Arne is identical with Akraiphia (in today's Akrefnio ), 2. it sank in the Kopaïs lake, 3. Zenodot modified the name in Askre , but this equation would correspond to the statements of Hesiod and Eudoxus contradict about askre to which πολυστάφυλον does not fit. 4. Strabon also excludes a textual correction to "Tarne", since no place with the name can be proven. Pausanias and Stephanos of Byzantium identified Arne with Chaironeia .

After the classical philologist Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff first considered such an identification for the first time in 1891, the archaeologist Ferdinand Noack in particular advocated the theory from 1893 that Arne is the ancient name for the Mycenaean settlement Gla , the remains of which even before the first excavations were partially visible and measured and drawn by Noack. This theory was contradicted by the archaeologist André de Ridder , who excavated Gla from 1893 onwards, as the findings did not indicate a normal housing estate, but rather a fortress to protect Lake Kopaïs, which was also the result of later research, so that Noacks Theory could not prevail in research. In 1988 John M. Fossey identified Arne with Magoula Balomenou, an archaeological site near Chaironeia , where finds from Neolithic to Mycenaean and then again from Roman times came to light. In the opinion of Edzard Visser, however, this localization is “extremely prerequisite”.

literature

Remarks

  1. so at least Visser: Homer's Catalog of Ships. , P. 279, note 104 (with further evidence).
  2. Geoffrey S. Kirk : The Iliad: A Commentary: Volume 1, Books 1-4. Cambridge University Press, 1985, pp. 194 f.
  3. Strabo, Geography 9,2,34-35
  4. Pausanias 9.40, 5-6
  5. Stephanos of Byzantium sv Χειρώνεια
  6. Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff: Die seven Thore Thebens , Hermes 26, 1891, p. 204, note 1 - online at DigiZeitschriften
  7. see Noack, Arne , especially pp. 420 ff. And panels X – XIII
  8. According to project manager Christofilis Maggidis, the geophysical prospecting carried out in 2010–2011 showed that Gla was much more densely built than previously assumed and that the interpretation as a fortress had to be reconsidered. See: Geophysical prospecting results on Current Gla Exploration website; Article by Maggidis on results and their interpretation (PDF).
  9. see a summary, with further evidence: Visser, Homer's Catalog of Ships , p. 278, note 102.
  10. ^ John M. Fossey: Topography and population of ancient Boiotia. Ares, Wisconsin - Madison 1988, pp. 417 f. (Quoted from Visser, Homer's Catalog of Ships , p. 278, note 102 and others)
  11. ^ Robert J. Buck: A History of Boeotia. University of Alberta, 1979, p. 6
  12. Visser, Homer's Catalog of Ships , p. 278, note 102