Artek

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Road sign near the warehouse

The All- Union Pioneer Camp Artek was the central pioneer camp of the pioneer organization Vladimir Ilyich Lenin in the USSR . The facility is located near the city of Gurzuf on the Crimean peninsula .

history

Soviet Union

Artek Pioneer Camp in August 1985
Friendship place in the camp 2005

The pioneer camp was founded on June 16, 1925 as an “all-union recreation camp for children” and initially primarily served the recovery of children suffering from tuberculosis . The Artek pioneer camp has been served by the longest trolleybus line in the world since 1961 . It is operated by the Krymskyj trolejbus company and runs between Simferopol , Alushta and Yalta . The defining buildings were built by an architects' collective around Anatolij Polyansky in the 1960s using a modular system.

Dozens of Soviet films were shot at the Artek, including the 1963 science fiction feature film Encounter in Space .

Ukraine

In March 1993 it was renamed “International Children's Center 'Artek'” and is now open to all children. The fifth Chess Olympiad for U16 national teams, won by Ukraine, took place there from 9 to 21 September 1999, and the sixth U16 Chess Olympiad from September 11 to 20, 2000, this time won by Russia. In 1996 the International Biology Olympiad took place at Artek .

Since 2001, Artek has been organizing the international children's festival “Let's Change the World for the Better” in cooperation with the All-Ukrainian Charity Fund “Hope and Good-naturedness” and the Ministry of Family, Youth and Sports of Ukraine.

In January 2009 the camp temporarily ceased operations for financial reasons, as the number of visitors decreased after the end of the USSR. Pioneer camps were no longer popular with young people. In 2008 almost 10,000 guests came, mainly from the Ukrainian mainland and Siberia . In addition, staying in Artek and other former Soviet holiday camps became increasingly expensive. In Soviet times, party functionaries in particular sent their children to summer camps, and later on, most camps did not offer holidays to the lower income groups. In 2009 a stay of several weeks in Artek cost between 600 and 1,600 euros. Although only 40 percent of the visitors had to bear the costs in full or in part - the rest was borne by the Ukrainian government - the vacations became more and more elitist in terms of their social structure. This trend continued in other summer camps from the Soviet era. In the nearby Orljonok camp, for example, only “leaders” are explicitly raised.

The Ukrainian parliament secured the financing of the camp by raising the holiday village to the status of a preparatory site for the 2014 Olympic and Paralympic Games at the end of January 2009. Funds for the preparation of Ukrainian athletes for international competitions could be used to maintain the camp. Ukraine pledged to pay at least 15,000 children's vacations a year and canceled the camp's debts of $ 2 million. Parliament also blocked attempts to privatize the warehouse and sell it to real estate developers. The 200- acre warehouse is spread over an area of ​​snow-capped mountains and forests that extend to the sea, and its market value was estimated at around half a billion US dollars in 2009.

Crimean annexation

Since the occupation and annexation of Crimea in February and March 2014, the peninsula has been de facto under the control of the Russian Federation ; under international law, Crimea still belongs to Ukraine. After the occupation, Russia expropriated real estate and companies owned by the Ukrainian state, as well as private land and businesses belonging to Crimean residents (see Crimean crisis # expropriations ). The Artek pioneer camp was also confiscated in this context and placed under the control of the Russian state. Residents of the neighboring settlement of Hursuf complained that a 10 hectare area from their settlement was illegally added to the area of ​​the holiday camp and handed over to Russia. Since then, armed guards have patrolled the camp and no longer grant the residents of Hursuf access to the confiscated area.

The head of the camp was replaced after the annexation. Since then, Alexei Kasprzhak has held the position. In autumn 2014 he announced a development plan with investments from the Russian state budget.

In June 2016, according to the Russian Defense Ministry, a center of the children and youth military education organization Junarmija ("Young Army") opened in the summer camp . In June 2017, Syrian youths visited the holiday village at the invitation of Junarmija. The three children of Bashar al-Assad stayed at the summer camp in 2017. In 2018 a program for “future commanders ” started, in which young people learn how to handle weapons, maps and ships and are trained psychologically and physically. In 2018, the management of the holiday camp signed partnership agreements with the Committee of Inquiry of the Russian Federation. In 2018, the Russian government introduced the Young Investigator Program, which aims to arouse interest in this profession. Human rights organizations in Crimea see the changes as an expression of the growing militarization of children and young people by Russia. After the alleged rampage at a vocational school in Kerch in October 2018, RIA Novosti reported that Artek management had denied media reports that the 18-year-old shooter had completed a military training program at the holiday camp. Before that, photos were published showing Artek visitors during target practice.

Designations

The asteroid discovered in 1969 (1956) is named after Artek . Numerous cities of the former Soviet Union ( Moscow , Voronezh , Rostov-on-Don , Donetsk , Vladivostok, etc.) have street names in honor of the Artek pioneer camp.

Web links

Commons : Artek  - collection of images and videos

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Arne Winkelmann: Artek pioneer camp. In: ModerneREGIONAL 16, 3, accessed on April 14, 2016.
  2. ↑ You want to make the world a better place . In: Aachener Zeitung , July 17, 2009.
  3. ↑ a b Artek - largest holiday camp in the world . In: MDR , September 11, 2009.
  4. ↑ Artek is alive! In: Baunetz , Baunetzwoche No. 120, March 27, 2009.
  5. ^ Tymoshenko government saves the Artek holiday camp . In: ukraine-nachrichten.de , February 1, 2009.
  6. ↑ Ukraine's pro-Western leaders fight over Soviet symbol . In: Reuters , February 4, 2009.
  7. ↑ 71/205. The human rights situation in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol (Ukraine) (PDF) United Nations, General Assembly resolution, adopted on December 19, 2016.
  8. ↑ After annexing Crimea, Russians move to carve up the spoils . In: Financial Times , March 18, 2014.
  9. ↑ a b The 90-year-old Russian youth camp inflaming tensions in Crimea . In: The Guardian , July 9, 2015.
  10. ↑ В "Артеке" открылся центр патриотического движения "Юнармия" ( Eng . In "Artek" a center of the patriotic movement "Junarmiya" was opened ). In: TV Zvezda (official broadcaster of the Russian Defense Ministry), June 17, 2018.
  11. ↑ В Подмосковье завершилась Всероссийская военно-спортивная игра "Победа" ( Eng . In the Moscow region the all -Russian military sports game "Victory" ended ). In: Kommersant , October 5, 2017.
  12. ↑ Russian-controlled Crimea's Artek youth camp hosted Assad children . In: BBC , April 16, 2018.
  13. ↑ Первые шаги "Школы будущих командиров" ( Eng . First steps of the "School for future commanders" ). Artek, accessed October 22, 2018.
  14. ↑ Пропаганда для самых маленьких: милитаризация крымских детей по-российски (German propaganda for the youngest: Russian militarization of Crimean children ). In: Radio Free Europe , April 3, 2018.
  15. ↑ В "Артеке" опровергли данные о том, что Росляков учился стрелять в лагере ( Eng . "Artek" denied that Roslyakov learned to shoot in the camp ). In: RIA Novosti , October 20, 2018.
  16. ↑ "Ненависть". Новые подробности бойни в Керчи ( Eng . "Hatred". New details of the Kerch massacre ). In: Korrespondent.net , October 22, 2018.

Coordinates: 44 ° 32 ′ 59 ″  N , 34 ° 17 ′ 59 ″  E