List of heads of state 1481

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Africa

Adal
- Sultan: Shams ad-Din ibn Muhammad (1472–1487)

( Abdalwadiden ) (in what is now western Algeria, capital Tlemcen )
- Sultan : Abu Abdallah Muhammad VII (1469–1504)

Egypt ( Burjiyya dynasty )
- Sultan : Qaid Bay (1468-1496)

Ethiopia
- Emperor (Negus Negest) : Constantine II (1478–1494)

Bornu (in present-day Niger ) Sefuwa dynasty
- King / May: Ali Gazi (1465–1497)

Ifriqiya (East Algeria, Tunisia) ( Hafsiden )
- Caliph : Abu Umar Uthman (1435–1488)

Jolof (in what is now Senegal )
- Buur-ba Jolof : Birayma N'dyeme Eter (1465–1481)
- Buur-ba Jolof: Tase Daagulen (1481–1488)

Kano
- Emir: Muhammad Rumfa (1463-1499)

Congo
- Mani-Congo : Nzinga á Nkuwu (João I) (1470–1509)

Morocco ( Wattasids )
- Sultan : Muhammad al-Sheikh al-Mahdi (1465 / 72–1505)

Munhumutapa Empire
- Ruler : ukombero Nyahuma (1480–1490)

Songhaeich (in West Africa)
- Ruler : Sonni Ali (1464–1492)

America

Aztec Empire
- Tlatoani : Axayacatl (1469–1481)
- Tlatoani: Tízoc (1481–1486)

Inca Empire
- Inca : Túpac Yupanqui (1471–1493)

Asia

China ( Ming Dynasty )
- Emperor : Chenghua (1464–1487)

Japan
- Emperor : Go-Tsuchimikado (1464–1500)
- Shogun Ashikaga : Ashikaga Yoshihisa (1473-1489)

Korea ( Joseon Dynasty )
- King : Seongjong (1469-1494)

Persia
- Sultan ( Timurid dynasty): Husain Bayqara (1469–1501)

Siam ( Thailand )
- King : Borommatrailokanat (1448–1488)
- Viceroy : Borommarachathirat III. (1463–1488)

Europe

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - Count of Foix : François Fébus (1472–1483)
  - Bishop of Urgell : Pere de Cardona (1472–1515)

Denmark
- King : Christian I (1448–1481)
- King: John I (1481–1513)

Teutonic Order State
- Grand Master : Martin Truchsess von Wetzhausen (1477–1489)

England
- King : Edward IV ( 1461–1470 , 1471–1483)

France
- King : Louis XI. (1461–1483)

Holy Roman Empire
- King : Friedrich III. (1440–1493) (from 1452 emperor )
- Electorates
  - Archbishopric of Cologne
    - Archbishop : Hermann von Hessen (1480–1508) (1473–1480 administrator)
  - Archbishopric Mainz
    - Archbishop : Diether von Isenburg ( 1459–1461 , 1475–1482)
  - Archbishopric Trier
    - Archbishop : Johann II of Baden (1456–1503)
  - Bohemia (1471–1490 rule disputed)
    - King : Vladislav II (1471–1516)
    - King: Matthias Corvinus (1471–1490) (in Moravia, Silesia and Lusatia) (1458–1490 King of Hungary)
  - Brandenburg
    - Margrave : Albrecht Achilles (1471–1473 / 86)
    - Regent: Johann Cicero (1473–1486) (1486–1499 margrave)
  - Electoral Palatinate
    - Count Palatine : Philip the Sincere ( 1449–1451 , 1476–1508)
  - Saxony
    - Elector : Ernst (1464–1486)
- spiritual principalities
  - Hochstift Augsburg
    - Bishop : Johann II. Von Werdenberg (1469–1486)
  - Bamberg Monastery
    - Bishop : Philipp von Henneberg (1475–1487)
  - Hochstift Basel
    - Bishop : Kaspar zu Rhein (1479–1502)
  - Brandenburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Arnold von Burgsdorf (1472–1485)
  - Archbishopric Bremen
    - Archbishop : Heinrich II. Von Schwarzburg (1463–1496) (1466–1496 Bishop of Münster)
  - Brixen monastery
    - Bishop : Georg Golser (1464–1488)
  - Hochstift Cammin
    - Bishop : Marinus de Fregeno (1479–1482)
  - Chiemsee Abbey
    - Bishop : Georg Altdorfer (1477–1495)
  - Chur Monastery
    - Bishop : Ortlieb von Brandis (1458–1491)
  - Eichstätt Monastery
    - Bishop : Wilhelm von Reichenau (1464–1496)
  - Hochstift Freising
    - Bishop : Sixtus von Tannberg (1474–1495) (1470–1474 Bishop of Gurk)
  - Geneva Monastery
    - Bishop : Johann Ludwig of Savoy (1560–1482)
  - Hochstift Gurk
    - Bishop : Lorenz III. von Freiberg (1474–1487)
  - Halberstadt Monastery
    - Administrator : Ernst II of Saxony (1479–1513) (1476–1513 Archbishop of Magdeburg)
  - Hochstift Havelberg
    - Bishop : Wedigo Gans von Putlitz (1460–1487)
  - Hildesheim Monastery
    - Bishop : Henning vom Haus (1471–1481)
    - Bishop: Berthold II. Von Landsberg (1481–1502) (1470–1481 Bishop of Verden, 1481–1502 administrator of Verden)
  - Hochstift Konstanz (1474–1481 disputed)
    - Bishop : Ludwig von Freiberg (1474–1481) (appointed by the Pope)
    - Bishop: Otto IV. Von Sonnenberg (1474–1491) (elected by the cathedral chapter)
  - Lausanne bishopric
    - Bishop : Benoît de Montferrand (1476–1491)
  - Lavant Monastery
    - Bishop : John I of Roth (1468–1482)
  - Lübeck bishopric
    - Bishop : Albert II. Krummendiek (1466–1489)
  - Liège Monastery
    - Bishop : Louis of Bourbon (1456–1482)
  - Archbishopric Magdeburg
    - Archbishop : Ernst of Saxony (1476–1513) (1479–1513 administrator of Halberstadt)
  - Meissen Abbey
    - Bishop : Johann V. von Weißenbach (1476–1487)
  - Merseburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Thilo von Trotha (1466–1514)
  - Metz bishopric
    - Bishop : Georg von Baden (1459–1484)
  - Hochstift Minden
    - Bishop : Heinrich III. von Schauenburg (1473–1508)
  - Monastery of Münster
    - Bishop : Heinrich XXVII. von Schwarzburg (1466–1493) (1463–1496 Archbishop of Bremen)
  - Naumburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Dietrich IV. Von Schönberg (1480 / 81–1492)
  - Osnabrück Monastery
    - Bishop : Conrad III. von Diepholz (1455–1482)
  - Paderborn Monastery
    - Bishop : Simon III. zur Lippe (1463–1498)
  - Passau bishopric
    - Bishop : Georg Hessler (1480–1482)
  - Ratzeburg Monastery
    - Bishop : John of Parkentin (1479–1511)
  - Regensburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Heinrich IV. Von Absberg (1465–1492)
  - Archbishopric Salzburg
    - Archbishop : Bernhard von Rohr (1466–1482)
  - Schwerin Monastery
    - Bishop : Nicholas II of Pentz (1479–1482)
  - Seckau monastery
    - Bishop : Johann II. Serlinger (1480–1481)
    - Bishop: Matthias Scheit (1481–1502, 1508–1512 )
  - Hochstift Sitten
    - Bishop : Walther II. Supersaxo von der Fluhe (1457–1482)
  - Speyer Monastery
    - Bishop : Ludwig von Helmstatt (1478–1504)
  - Strasbourg Monastery
    - Bishop : Albrecht von Pfalz-Mosbach (1478–1506)
  - Toul Monastery
    - Bishop : Anton I of Neuchâtel (1461–1495)
  - Hochstift Trento
    - Bishop : Johannes V. Hinderbach (1465–1486)
  - Utrecht Monastery
    - Bishop : David of Burgundy (1456–1496)
  - Verden Monastery
    - Bishop : Berthold von Landsberg (1470–1481) (1481–1502 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1481–1502 administrator of Verden)
  - Verdun Monastery
    - Bishop : Guillaume de Haraucourt (1457–1500)
  - Hochstift Worms
    - Bishop : Reinhard I. von Sickingen (1445–1482)
  - Würzburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Rudolf II of Scherenberg (1466–1495)
- secular principalities
  - to bathe
    - Margrave : Christoph I (1475–1515)
  - Bavaria
    - Bayern Munich
      - Duke : Albrecht IV. (1465–1508)
    - Bavaria-Landshut
      - Duke : George the Rich (1479–1503)
  - Hesse
    - Landgrave : Wilhelm I (1471–1493)
  - Mecklenburg
    - Duke : Albrecht VI. (1477–1483)
    - Duke: Magnus II (1477–1503)
  - Ortenburg
    - Count : George II (1460–1488)

Italian states
- Ferrara, Modena and Reggio
  - Duke : Ercole I. d'Este (1471–1505)
- Florence (nominally republic)
  - Signore : Lorenzo il Magnifico (1469–1492; de facto ruler)
- Genoa
  - Doge : Battista II. Di Campofregoso (1478–1483)
- Papal States
  - Pope : Sixtus IV. (1471–1484)
- Milan
  - Duke : Gian Galeazzo Sforza (1476–1494)
- Mantua
  - Margrave : Federico I. Gonzaga (1478–1484)
- Montferrat
  - Margrave : Wilhelm X. (1464–1483)
- Naples
  - King : Ferrante (1458–1494)
- Rimini
  - Lord : Roberto Malatesta (1468–1482)
- Saluzzo
  - Margrave : Ludwig II. (1475–1504)
- San Marino
  - Capitano Reggente: Evangelista di Girolamo Belluzzi (1480–1481)
  - Capitano Reggente: Antonio di Polinoro Lunardini (1480–1481)
  - Capitano Reggente: Marino di Venturino (1481)
  - Capitano Reggente: Fabrizio di Pier Leone Corbelli (1481)
  - Capitano Reggente: Bartolo di Antonio (1481–1482)
  - Capitano Reggente: Maurizio di Antonio Lunardini (1481–1482)
- Savoy
  - Duke : Philibert I (1472–1482)
- Sicily (1412–1713 to Aragon or Spain )
  - King : Ferdinand II (1479–1516)
    - Viceroy : Gaspar de Spes (1479–1489)
- Urbino
  - Duke : Federico da Montefeltro (1444–1482)
- Venice
  - Doge : Giovanni Mocenigo (1478–1485)

Moldova
- Prince : Ștefan cel Mare (1457–1504)

Monaco
- Seigneur : Lambert (1457-1494)

Norway
- King : Christian I (1450–1481)
- King : John I (1481–1513)

Ottoman Empire
- Sultan : Mehmet II (1451-1481)
- Sultan : Bayezid II (1481-1512)

Poland
- King : John I (1447–1492)

Portugal
- King : Alfonso V (1438–1481)
- King: John II (1481–1495)

Russia
- Grand Duke : Ivan III. (1462-1510)

Scotland
- King : Jacob III. (1460–1488)

Sweden
- Reichsverweser : Sten Sture the Elder (1470–1497)

Spanish states
- Aragon
  - King : Ferdinand II. (1479–1516) (1474–1504 King of Castile, 1506–1516 Regent of Castile, 1512–1516 King of Navarre, 1504–1516 King of Naples)
- Granada
  - Emir : Abu l-Hasan Ali (1464–1482, 1483–1485 )
- Castile
  - Queen : Isabella I (1474–1504)
  - King: Ferdinand II of Aragón (1474–1504) (de iure uxoris) (1506–1516 regent of Castile, 1479–1516 king of Aragon and Sicily, 1512–1516 king of Navarre, 1504–1516 king of Naples)
- Navarre
  - King : Franz Phoebus (1479–1483)

Hungary
- King : Matthias Corvinus (1458–1490) (1471–1490 King of Bohemia)

Wallachia
- Prince : Basarab Țepeluș cel Tânăr (1477–1481, 1481–1482 )
- Prince: Mircea III. (1481)
- Prince: Vlad Călugărul (1481, 1482–1495 )
- Prince: Basarab Țepeluș cel Tânăr ( 1477–1481 , 1481–1482)

Zeta
- Prince : Ivan I. Crnojević (1465–1490)

Cyprus
- Queen : Caterina Cornaro (1474–1489)