Matthias Scheit

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Half-length portrait of Bishop Matthias Scheit, Seckau basilica , bishop's chapel (depiction around 1595)

Matthias Scheit , also Scheidt , (* around 1440 ; † probably on February 15, 1512 in Schloss Wasserberg ) was Bishop of Seckau from 1481 to 1512 . It is a mistake that he was administrator of Vienna from 1490 to 1493 .

Life

Matthias Scheit was possibly an illegitimate son of the noble family of the Lords of Westerstetten, whose relatives were referred to several times as Scheit's blood relatives. The fact that he was legitimized by the brothers Walter and Augustin Scheit zu Erbach (Danube) in 1467 gives an indication of his origin. The alleged place of birth Westerstetten is based on an error.

In 1456 he studied in Paris. His first - of many - benefices in 1464 was that of a parish administrator in Erbach. He maintained close contacts with Emperor Friedrich III. what boosted his career. In 1466 he became imperial chaplain . In the same year he confirmed the family coat of arms (a hunting horn) to the brothers Matthias, then pastor of Achstetten , and Konrad Scheit. In 1467 he was appointed imperial court palatinate count . As a result, he led lawsuits at the Imperial Court of Justice and worked in the area around the Imperial Court.

In the Constance diocese controversy after the death of Hermann von Breitenlandenberg on September 18, 1474, the right of succession, appointed by Pope Sixtus IV. Ludwig von Freiberg , supported by Duke Sigmund von Tirol , and Count Otto von Sonnenberg , elected by the cathedral chapter , for whom the emperor and the Swiss took sides. Scheit sided with Freiberg. After successfully advocating for this in Rome, Scheit had been in a service and council relationship with Sigmund since April 1475. At the end of July 1476, Scheit was taken prisoner at the behest of the emperor who accused him of breaking the oath. Scheit's relative Maulhans von Westerstetten took revenge with an attack on the Sonnenbergische Munderkingen . Scheit remained a prisoner for eight months. His claims for damages after his release were unsuccessful in Innsbruck, but he was rewarded with lucrative benefices. In 1478 Sigmund procured him the parish Ensisheim , which was subordinate to the University of Freiburg, where Scheit enrolled in the same year. At her he must have become a doctor of canon law (it appears for the first time in March 1480 as Doctor decretorum).

In the summer of 1481, Scheit came up with the plan to become Bishop of Seckau. He won the support of Duke Sigmund for this. On December 10, 1481, the Seckau bishop Johann Serlinger renounced his diocese . Scheit was appointed his successor by Pope Sixtus IV. He received his episcopal ordination in Rome. There was a reconciliation with the emperor, because in 1483 Scheit became imperial council.

Since part of the diocese property was in the hands of the Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus , Scheit himself took part in the battles for the reconquest. He besieged Wasserberg Castle himself and was able to take it. In 1484 he was briefly captured by the Hungarians. After his release, he received rich imperial privileges. When the emperor left Styria (for good) in the same year, he appointed five lawyers (governors) he trusted: in addition to Bishop Matthias Scheit, the burgrave of Graz Ulrich III. von Graben , Friedrich von Stubenberg , the caretaker of the Styrian governor Christoph von Mindorf and the imperial secretary Andreas am Stein .

In 1489 he was the imperial envoy to the curia and general commissioner for the crusade indulgence in the Salzburg ecclesiastical province and in the Austrian states. After the death of Matthias Corvinus he belonged to the embassy to Hungary because of the St. Stephen's Crown .

Plans to raise Matthias Scheit to Bishop of Gurk or administrator of Salzburg failed. Nor could he assert himself in the possession of the administration of the diocese of Vienna in 1492.

On July 29, 1502 he voluntarily renounced the episcopal dignity at the request of King Maximilian I , for whom Scheit was far less important than for Friedrich III, in favor of Christoph von Zach , a confidante of Scheit. Maximilian originally wanted Zach to become coadjutor, but could not enforce this against the Salzburg Archbishop. In the dispute over jurisdiction - the cathedral chapter stood against log - log should be taken out of the line of fire. Scheit retained the title of bishop and his episcopal income. He was responsible for the secular and spiritual administration of the diocese. In fact, he remained a bishop. He was granted the right to become the successor again in the event of the bishopric, which also occurred in 1508 when Zach died on a trip. Scheit was assigned a coadjutor in the person of Christoph Rauber , whom he largely excluded from government affairs.

The cathedral monastery , which was in a protracted dispute with the bishop, won Matthias Scheit's conviction and excommunication . His successor, Rauber, obtained the posthumous lifting of the excommunication and thus made it possible for the body to be buried in Seckau Cathedral . The modest tombstone is in the cloister.

Teacher of Paracelsus?

In his last years, Scheit devoted himself, among other things, to the education of Paracelsus , who was born in 1493 or 1494 , according to an autobiographical statement by the doctor. There is no independent testimony for this.

Library

Coat of arms as book owner's mark

Small remains of his library have been preserved in the university libraries in Graz and Salzburg. There are unique pieces in Lviv and Paris. Johannes Richenbach made five bindings for Scheit in Geislingen. A Bible manuscript in Scheit's possession is kept in the Heiligenkreuz Abbey . He also owned a manuscript on the exorcism in the Salzburg University Library (Cod. M II 89).

Portraits

Early modern fantasy portraits exist within the framework of the Bishopric Seckau Cathedral (picture above) and in Seggau Castle .

literature

  • Franz von Krones:  Mathias Scheit, Bishop of Seckau . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, p. 663 f.
  • Alois Lang: The trial of the Seckau bishop Matthias Scheit with his cathedral chapter (1497-1512) . In: From the archive and chronicle. Sheets for Seckau diocesan history. 3rd year, 1950, pp. 10–18, 36–44, 76–87, 104–117, 145–159 (not viewed).
  • Kurt Goldammer : The spiritual teacher of Theophrastus Paracelsus. In: Carinthia I. 147, 1957, pp. 525-559 ( ANNO ).
  • Benno Roth: How Bishop Matthias Scheit came to his Seckau diocese. In: Festschrift Karl Eder for his 70th birthday. Innsbruck 1959, pp. 339-356.
  • Benno Roth: Matthias Scheit (1482–1503 or 1512). In: Karl Amon (Ed.): The Bishops of Graz-Seckau 1218-1968. Graz / Vienna / Cologne 1969, pp. 159–193.
  • Martin Krexner, Franz Loidl : Vienna's bishops and archbishops. Vienna 1983, ISBN 3852680808 .
  • Peter Franz Kramml: Bishop Matthias von Seckau (1481–1512), a contentious Salzburg suffragan at the end of the Middle Ages. In: Communications from the Society for Regional Studies in Salzburg. 125, 1985, pp. 345-394 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  • Hermann Tüchle : Matthias Scheit, a late medieval bishop from the Ulmer Alb. In: Ulm and Upper Swabia. 45/46, 1990, pp. 238-249.
  • Peter Franz Kramml: The quarrels between the Truchsessen von Westerstetten with Maulhans von Westerstetten and the pastor Matthias Scheit. Marginalia on the Constance diocese dispute . In: Ulm and Upper Swabia. 45/46, 1990, pp. 250-266.
  • Peter Franz Kramml: Dr. Christoph Zach, Bishop of Seckau (1502–1508), and the background to his appointment as a Roman bishop. In: Roman historical communications. 28, 1986, pp. 209-242.
  • Peter Franz Kramml: The administration of the diocese of Vienna after the death of King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary. A correction of the Viennese episcopal series. In: Communications from the Austrian State Archives. 42, 1992, pp. 9-32 ( Hungarica ).
  • Karl Amon: Scheit, Matthias. In: Erwin Gatz (Ed.): The Bishops of the Holy Roman Empire. Volume 2: 1448 to 1648. Duncker and Humblot, Berlin 1996, pp. 626-628, ISBN 3-428-08422-5 .
  • Rainald Becker: Ways to the bishop's throne. Spiritual careers in the ecclesiastical province of Salzburg in the late Middle Ages, humanism and denominational age (1448-1648) (= Roman quarterly. Supplementary volume 59). Herder, Rome / Freiburg / Vienna 2006, ISBN 9783451268595 , p. 443.

Web links

Commons : Matthias Scheit  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Proven by Kramml 1992.
  2. ↑ Ludwig Freidinger: Seal use and coat of arms of the bishops of Seckau in the Middle Ages and early modern times. Part 3: 1452-1584 . In: Mitteilungen des Steiermärkisches Landesarchivs 50/51 (2001), pp. 179–216, here pp. 182f. ( State Archives ); Kramml 1985, p. 356f.
  3. ^ The Styria in the late Middle Ages (p.63), published by Gerhard Pferschy Zeitschrift des Historischen Verein f. Styria, Historical Association f. Styria
  4. ↑ Kramml 1992, p. 29.
  5. ↑ Kramml 1986, pp. 229-237.
  6. ^ Graz-Seckau, Diözesanarchiv, Diocesan documents I-104, in: monasterium.net, http://monasterium.net/mom/AT-DAGS/Bistumsurkunden/I-194/charter .
  7. ↑ Illustration: Goldammer 1957, p. 533, ANNO .
  8. ↑ Goldammer 1957, p. 526.
  9. ↑ http://sosa2.uni-graz.at/sosa/inku/index.php .
  10. ↑ http://www.ubs.sbg.ac.at/sosa/inkunabeln/inkinit.htm .
  11. ↑ https://manuscripta.at/?ID=14 .
  12. ↑ http://www.ubs.sbg.ac.at/sosa/handschriften/mII89.htm .
  13. ↑ Illustration: Stephan Karl, Gabriele Wrolli: The old tower in Seggau Castle in Leibnitz . Vienna 2011, p. 20 (3rd quarter of the 17th century).
predecessor Office successor
Johann II Serlinger Bishop of Seckau
1481–1502 		Christoph II by Zach
Christoph II by Zach Bishop of Seckau
1508–1512 		Christopher III. Robber
personal data
SURNAME That's it, Matthias
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Scheit, Mathias; Scheidt, Mathias von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bishop of Seckau
DATE OF BIRTH 1440
PLACE OF BIRTH Ulm
DATE OF DEATH uncertain: February 15, 1512
Place of death Water mountain