Arthrochilus
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Arthrochilus irritabilis , illustration |
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| F. Garbage. |
The genus arthrochilus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae) consists of 15 species . They are small, herbaceous plants, their distribution is limited to the east of Australia and New Guinea.
description
The Arthrochilus species have an underground tuber as a perennial organ . In addition, other daughter tubers can develop on root-like runners, which are used for vegetative reproduction. The roots are fibrous. The sprout axis arises from the tuber , which first produces the inflorescence, later the leaf rosette appears laterally from the base of this stem axis. In Arthrochilus rosulatus the inflorescence grows terminally from the leaf rosette, in Arthrochilus byrnesii and Arthrochilus dockrillii the only leaf appears before flowering. The leaves are individually or up to six together. They are elongated, short or have no stalk. Deviating from this, Arthrochilus huntianus grows as a mykoheterotrophic , leafless plant, the tuber is also greatly reduced in this species.
The branch axle carries the traubigen inflorescence gone, the flower stems with small bracts occupied, the bracts of the flowers are small. The ovary is ribbed lengthways and has a short stalk. The flowers are not resupinated and are greenish in color. The petals are not fused together. The sepals and petals are shaped quite similar to one another, narrow and pointing downwards. The lip is articulated on the column and consists mainly of a blackish callus with various appendages. The column is long, slender and curved. It continues over the point of attachment at the ovary into a columnar foot, to which the lip and the lateral petals attach. The column has two pairs of appendages: a large one in the middle and a small one at the top, next to the stamen . The stamen contains four yellow, floury pollinia . The capsule fruit contains numerous winged seeds.
The Arthrochilus species are pollinated by wasps from the Arthrothynnus genus . The male wasps grab the lip that mimics a female wasp and try to fly away with it. The lip swings around its articulated suspension and the wasp lands on the column. The appendages of the pillar hinder the wasp, and if it tries to fly further, the pollinia will be attached to it or already attached pollinia will get onto the stigma .
distribution
The species of the genus Arthrochilus are common in the east and in a few places in northern Australia, Tasmania and southern New Guinea. They mostly occur in wooded areas or bushland that do not show any drought, at least in the growing season. They mostly grow in the lowlands, only Arthrochilus oreophilus colonizes altitudes of up to 1200 meters.
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Systematics and botanical history
The genus Arthrochilus is classified in the subtribe Drakaeinae within the orchid family. It was set up in 1858 by Ferdinand von Mueller with the type Arthrochilus irritabilis . The name is made up of the Greek words ἅρθρον arthron , "joint", and χεῖλος cheilos , "lip", and describes the rotatable lip.
The genus Arthrochilus was divided into smaller units by David L. Jones in 2002 , when the two genera Phoringopsis and Thynninorchis were separated, as with many other Australian orchid genera .
The following species are known in the genus Arthrochilus :
- Arthrochilus apectus D.L.Jones : It comes in the northern Queensland before.
- Arthrochilus aquilus D.L. Jones : It occurs in northern Queensland.
- Arthrochilus byrnesii Blaxell : It occurs in the northern Northern Territory of Australia.
- Arthrochilus corinnae D.L.Jones : It occurs in northern Queensland.
- Arthrochilus dockrillii Lavarack : It occurs from Papua New Guinea to northeast Queensland.
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Arthrochilus huntianus (F.Muell.) Blaxell : With two subspecies:
- Arthrochilus huntianus subsp. huntianus : It occurs from southeastern Australia to Flinders Island .
- Arthrochilus huntianus subsp. nothofagicola D.L. Jones : It occurs in Tasmania.
- Arthrochilus irritabilis F. Muell. : It occurs in eastern Australia.
- Arthrochilus laevicallus Ormerod : The species first described in 2011 occurs in Papua New Guinea.
- Arthrochilus latipes D.L. Jones : It occurs in the northern Northern Territory of Australia.
- Arthrochilus lavarackianus (DLJones) Lavarack : It occurs from Papua New Guinea to northern Queensland.
- Arthrochilus oreophilus D.L. Jones : It occurs in northern Queensland.
- Arthrochilus prolixus D.L. Jones : It occurs from Queensland to New South Wales.
- Arthrochilus rosulatus D.L. Jones : It occurs in northern Queensland.
- Arthrochilus sabulosus D.L. Jones : It occurs in northern Queensland.
- Arthrochilus stenophyllus D.L.Jones : It occurs in northeastern Queensland.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip J. Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn N. Rasmussen (eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 1) . tape 2 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2001, ISBN 0-19-850710-0 , pp. 135-138 .
- ↑ a b c d D. L. Jones, T. Hopley, SM Duffy, KJ Richards, MA Clements, X. Zhang (2006): Australian Orchid Genera .
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Arthrochilus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew .
- ↑ In: Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae . 1858, Vol. 1, p. 42. online
- ↑ Stephen D. Hopper: Taxonomic tower down-under: recent developments in Australian orchid systematics . In: Annals of Botany . tape 104 , 2009, p. 447-455 , doi : 10.1093 / aob / mcp090 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Arthrochilus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 6, 2018.
