Arthur Haberlandt

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Photo taken around 1927

Arthur Haberlandt (born March 9, 1889 in Vienna ; † May 28, 1964 there ) was an Austrian museum director, university professor and folklorist .

Life

As the son of the Indologist Michael Haberlandt, Arthur Haberlandt continued his legacy and work. He studied anthropology, ethnology and prehistory at the University of Vienna. In 1911 he received his doctorate as Dr. phil. at Hoernes , in 1914 he completed his habilitation. In the First World War he was wounded in the Balkans. As director of the Museum of Folklore in Vienna, which primarily dealt with the ethnography of the peoples of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, and in the publication of the “Wiener Zeitschrift für Volkskunde” he followed his father in 1924.

Despite two world wars, his (probably not complete) list of publications contains 635 publications. Haberlandt dealt with folk art all over Europe, especially Germany and Austria. One of the main subjects of his activity was farmhouse research . He is considered one of the most important representatives of folklore in Austria and, as a university professor, was the teacher of an entire generation of researchers. One opponent of the Protestant was the head of the Institute for Folklore, Father Wilhelm Schmidt , (SVD), whose culture he rejected. In contrast, he used a comparative approach and the concept of the circle of life.

His exoticizing photographs of Roma in Southeast Europe were used as a propaganda tool during World War I to portray the enemy as backward. He welcomed the German annexation of Austria in 1938 very much. He became a member of the NSDAP and took part in the Second World War as a first lieutenant. His general secretary in the museum was the mythologist Karl von Spieß , who belonged to the Nazi movement. During the Second World War, Haberlandt acted in accordance with the racist National Socialist policy and was entrusted by Alfred Rosenberg with the "management of folklore work within the framework of the Task Force East ". That is why he was released after 1945 and retired early.

His achievements have been recognized by numerous awards, for example the Austrian Cross of Honor for Science and Art, First Class.

Fonts

  • Wood carving in Val Gardena , Works of Folk Art II, Vienna 1911, p. 1ff.
  • Prehistoric things in the folk art of Eastern Europe , Works of Folk Art II, 1913, p. 33ff.
  • Folk art of the Balkan countries, explained in its basics , Vienna 1919.
  • Folklore of Lower Austria , Vienna 1921.
  • Folklore from Greater Vienna , Wiener Zeitschrift für Volkskunde XXVIII, 1923, p. 1ff.
  • Folklore and Prehistory , Yearbook for Historical Folklore I, 1925, p. 5ff.
  • The folkloric culture of Europe in its historical development , Illustrierte Völkerkunde II / 2, Stuttgart 1926, p. 305ff.
  • The folk costumes of the Alps , The Austrian Alps, Vienna-Leipzig 1928, p. 298ff.
  • Call for participation in the "Atlas of German Folklore" , Wiener Zeitschrift für Volkskunde XXXIV, 1929, p. 121.
  • People's superstition and prejudice in child care , Pediatric Practice II, Leipzig 1931, p. 186ff.
  • On the revival of the folk costume , Volksbildung XIII, Vienna 1933, p. 121ff.
  • German Volkstum in Burgenland , Wiener Zeitschrift für Volkskunde XXXIX, 1934, p. 3ff.
  • German folklore. A foundation based on history and method within the framework of the humanities , Halle / Saale 1935.
  • The structure of German and Slavic folk culture in the vicinity of Czechoslovakia , Heimatbildung XVII, Reichenberg 1936, p. 58ff.
  • On the representation of the tree of life in German folk art , Wiener Zeitschrift für Volkskunde XLIII, 1938, p. 33ff.
  • Germanic heritage in the Danube region . In: Ernst Otto Thiele (arrangement): The Germanic heritage in German folk culture. The lectures of the 1st German Folklore Day in Braunschweig , autumn 1938, Munich: Hoheneichen 1939, pp. 84–90.
  • Zum Alvismal , Deutsche Volkskunde V, Munich 1943, p. 159.
  • A can trolley as a fixed tank , messages from the Anthropological Society in Vienna LXXX, 1950, p. 78ff.
  • 60 years of comparative farmhouse research within the framework of the Anthropological Society in Vienna , communications from the Anthropological Society in Vienna LXXXII, 1952, p. 22ff.
  • Pocket dictionary of Austrian folklore , Vienna 1953.
  • Pocket dictionary of Austrian folklore. The other part , Vienna 1959.

literature

  • Leopold Schmidt :  Haberlandt, Arthur. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 393 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Leopold Schmidt, Arthur Haberlandt in memory. Obituary and bibliography , Vienna 1964 (Österreichische Zeitschrift für Volkskunde XVIII / 67, 1964, p. 217ff).
  • James R. Dow: The Nazification of an Academic Discipline: Folklore in the Third Reich , Indiana University Press, Bloomington 1994

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Katja Geisenhainer: Marianne Schmidl (1890-1942): the unfinished life and work of an ethnologist , Leipzig 2005, p. 136
  2. ↑ Cf. Frank Reuter: Photographic Representations of Sinti and Roma: Requirements and Lines of Tradition , pp. 163–221. In: Silvio Peritore, Frank Reuter (ed.): Staging of the Stranger. Photographic representation of Sinti and Roma in the context of historical image research . Heidelberg 2011, p. 206.
  3. ^ Haberlandt: Wood carving in the Val Gardena . Text and images
personal data
SURNAME Haberlandt, Arthur
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian museum director, university professor, folklorist
DATE OF BIRTH March 9, 1889
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH May 28, 1964
Place of death Vienna