Artländer Cathedral

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The Artländer Cathedral in Ankum
inside view
Old choir room with high altar around 1900

The Roman Catholic parish church of St. Nicholas , popularly known as the Artländer Dom , is the landmark of Ankum , an old market town where once mainly cloth was traded. The church consecrated to St. Nicholas is on the Vogelberg, high above the market arches .

The church tower is 79 m high and rests on a three-storey substructure, which was built in 1514 on the old church, which was probably built before 1100.

The old Ankum cross, which was made around 1280, is kept in the church. After the fire in the old parish church in 1892, today's church was built over a four-year construction period from 1896 and consecrated in 1900. The Berlin sculptor Paul Brandenburg created the altar table , tabernacle , ambo (lectern) and other details, such as the door handles.

Location and local conditions

The church formed the center of a striking fortified church , the walls of which are still preserved. It is emphasized by the elevated position on the slope of the Vogelberg.

Foundation and foundation construction

The parish church in Ankum is first mentioned in 1169 as Ecclesia Anchem , but its origin is estimated some centuries further back to the Saxon times, when Charlemagne brought Christianity to the region and had a baptistery built in Ankum in the center of the Old Saxon Varngau .

Originally it is said to have been a simple wooden church, which was replaced by a single-nave stone church in the 11th century. In the 12th and 13th centuries, the three-aisled basilica, unique in Osnabrück's northern region, developed from this. This had three gate towers and various stone works that were integrated into the wall. In 1656 there were eleven buildings that were demolished in the 19th century.

In the Gothic period it was expanded, a wide north nave and the still preserved tower received. In 1892 the complex was destroyed by fire after a lightning strike, only the outer walls remained. The ruins were only demolished in 1895; until then, the preservation of monuments had resisted violently.

Building description

From 1896 to 1900 the architect Johannes Franziskus Klomp built today's neo-Romanesque church using the old tower, the three basement floors of which, separated by cornices , were incorporated into the complex of the turn of the century. A large three-part pointed arch window with various stonemason's marks can be seen above the small Gothic portal. The inscription on the side indicates the construction of the tower:

»Anno dni mvc and XIIII is anghelecht / desse torn dorch him dit venst raises ghemach / albert schipper and gerlich stema bid before all kerste siele«.

The interior of the church resembles a cathedral , is 52 meters long and has the shape of a (new) Romanesque vaulted basilica with a transept. There is an eight-sided crossing tower at the crossing point . Semicircular apses (choir, side aisles to the west and east and transept to the east), arched friezes and rosettes structure the building.

The interior of the church was renewed and redesigned in 1976.

Furnishing

Most of the neo-Romanesque furnishings ( sandstone around 1900) have been preserved. A mighty canopy spanned the old main altar , now a tabernacle.

The highlight of the decor is the Ankum Cross from around 1280 , a Gothic crucifix with a sharply laterally inclined, narrow head and painful, but tolerant, downward-pointing corners of the mouth, a strongly arched chest and deeply hollowed-out abdominal cavity, the loincloth hanging down at the tips.

The Dominican altar, a stone altar originally from the Dominican Church in Osnabrück , dates from the first half of the 17th century. A family tree grows from the reclining figure of St. Dominic , branches with male and female saints from the Dominican order are entwined with grapes and leaves.

organ

The organ of St. Nikolaus was built in 1980 by the organ building company Simon (Muddenhagen). The slider chests -instrument has 35 registers on three manuals and pedal . The Spieltrakturen are mechanically, the Registertrakturen electrically.

Disposition
I Rückpositiv C – g 3
1. Wooden dacked 8th'
2. Principal 4 ′
3. Reed flute 4 ′
4th octave 2 ′
5. Sesquialter II-III
6th Zimbel III
7th Rohrschalmey 8th'
Tremulant
II Hauptwerk C – g 3
8th. Dumped 16 ′
9. Principal 8th'
10. Black viola 8th'
11. octave 4 ′
12. Dumped 4 ′
13. Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
14th Schwiegel 2 ′
15th Mixture VI
16. Spanish trumpet 8th'
Tremulant
III Swell C – g 3
17th Principal 8th'
18th Salicional 8th'
19th recorder 4 ′
20th Quintad 4 ′
21st Forest flute 2 ′
22nd Third note II
23. Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
24. Scharff IV
25th Dulcian 16 ′
26th Hautbois 8th'
Pedal C – f 1
27. Principal bass 16 ′
28. Sub-bass 16 ′
29 Octave bass 8th'
30th Thought bass 8th'
31. Chorale bass 4 ′
32. Night horn 2 ′
33. Rauschwerk IV
34. trombone 16 ′
35. Trumpet 8th'

Surroundings

In 1839, when the road that passed there was straightened and lowered, market arches were built in place of the previous western wall of the fortified church, which still shape the image of the old market square today. The last major change was made in 1926/27 when the architect Klomp, the builder of the church in 1900, increased the market arches, reduced their number from 20 to 12 and built a war memorial chapel for 200 soldiers killed in the First World War on the southwest corner of the old fortified church. A mighty St. Michael, carved from sandstone, as an armored knight modeled on medieval Roland, fortifies the chapel facing the market.

Trivia

The name “Artländer Dom” is misleading, as neither the town of Ankum belongs to the Artland cultural area , nor is the church a cathedral in the sense of a bishop's church. The popularly used name "Dom" refers solely to the stately dimensions of the church, measured against the manageable size of Ankum.

literature

To the previous Romanesque building

  • Hector Wilhelm Heinrich Mithoff, Art Monuments and Antiquities in Hanover; 6. Principality of Osnabrück, Lower County of Lingen, County of Bentheim and Duchy of Arenberg-Meppen, Hanover 1879, p. 12 f.
  • Josef Thiemann, The Nikolaikirche in Ankum, taking into account the history of medieval architecture in Westphalia, presented in an art-historical way (Univ.-Diss. Münster in Westphalia), Rheine 1891
  • Arnold Nöldeke, The Art Monuments of the Province of Hanover; IV. Osnabrück administrative district; 3. The districts of Wittlage and Bersenbrück, Hanover 1915, pp. 61–66

Web links

Commons : St. Nicholas Church (Artländer Dom, Ankum)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Namely in the Dotatio Altaris of 1169 of the Bishop of Osnabrück Philipp, printed in: Justus Möser , Osnabrückische Geschichte. With certificates; 2. From the beginning of the Carolingian tribe in Germany up to the fall of the Grand Duchy of Saxony (all works; 6), 3rd edition Berlin, Stettin 1819 (2nd edition 1780, 1st edition 1768), p. 300 f. (LXIII).
  2. ^ Reproduced in redrawing by Arnold Nöldeke, Die Kunstdenkmäler der Provinz Hannover; IV. Osnabrück administrative district; 3. The districts of Wittlage and Bersenbrück, Hanover 1915, p. 66.
  3. ↑ »In 1514 this tower was built for Jesus' sake; this window was made by Albert Schipper and Gerlich Stenmann. Pray for all Christians «, based on: Hermann Hartmann, Anckum. Some sketches about antiquities and historical developments in the parish of Anckum, in: Mittheilungen des Historische Verein zu Osnabrück 9 (1870), pp. 280–355, 294.
  4. ↑ Information on the organ of St. Nicholas

Coordinates: 52 ° 32 '34.1 "  N , 7 ° 52' 11.4"  E