Frying pan and banjo catfish
Frying pan and banjo catfish | ||||||||||||
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Big -head frypan catfish ( Bunocephalichthys verrucosus ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Aspredinidae | ||||||||||||
Adams , 1854 |
Frying pan and banjo catfish (Aspredinidae) occur in South America in freshwater, sometimes also in brackish water . They are widely used and are in the Magdalena River , the river basins of the Orinoco , the Amazon Basin , in Rio São Francisco and in the basin of the Río Paraguay and Río Paraná before.
features
They have a very widened, dorsoventrally flattened front body and a long, thin tail stalk. The body has no scales, the skin is rough and the sides of the body are covered with keratinized tubercles arranged in longitudinal rows. The gill opening is reduced to a small slit. An adipose fin is missing, and most species also lack a spine in the dorsal fin. The caudal fin is supported by ten or fewer fin rays.
Way of life
Frying pan and banjo catfish are lazy crepuscular and nocturnal animals that spend the day mostly buried in the ground. They are likely omnivorous. Stomach examinations revealed aquatic invertebrates, terrestrial insects, and detritus . Amaralia is a nutritional specialist who may just of the clutches of occurring in the same habitat Loricariids lives. The reproduction of the frying pan and banjo catfish is poorly known. The females of Aspredo , Aspredinichthys , Platystacus and Pterobunocephalus carry the eggs attached to their belly side with them, whereby in Pterobunocephalus they are attached directly to the belly, in the other three genera they sit on fleshy stalks (cotylephores), which are only located during the Developing reproductive time and possibly serving to transport nutrients between the mother and the eggs. Bunocephalus coracoideus spawns in shallow pits in the bottom of the water. His number of eggs is very large.
External system
The closest relatives of the frying pan and banjo catfish within the catfish was and is controversial. Various South American, African, and Asian catfish families have been named as possible sister groups . A more recent study on the basis of DNA sequencing places the frying pan and banjo catfish in a sister group relationship with the neotropical catfish (Doradidae) and false catfish (Auchenipteridae), which are united as the superfamily Doradoidea.
Internal system
The frying pan and banjo catfish are divided into three subfamilies, 13 genera and 39 species.
Subfamily Banjowelse
The Banjowelse (Aspredininae) live in the three Guyanas and in Brazil . Some species also go into brackish water . Banjowelse have a very long anal fin with 50 or more fin rays. Their tail stalk is shorter than that of the frying pan catfish. Banjo catfish grow to be 8 to 15 inches long.
- Genus Acanthobunocephalus
- Acanthobunocephalus nicoi Friel, 1995
- Acanthobunocephalus scruggsi Carvalho & Reis, 2020
- Genus Aspredo
- Aspredo aspredo (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Genus Aspredinichthys
- Genus Platystacus
- Platystacus cotylephorus Bloch, 1794
Subfamily frying pan catfish
The pan-fried catfish (Bunocephalinae) occur in tropical South America , east of the Andes , south to the northern border of Uruguay , in the Río Magdalena and in Lake Maracaibo . The crepuscular animals prefer flat, fast flowing streams. Frying pan catfish have a short anal fin, a longer tail stalk with reduced muscles and a straight tail fin. They can move on the jet principle by quickly expelling the water from the gills. Frying pan catfish are small fish that are usually less than ten centimeters in length. They are omnivores. They dig shallow hollows in the bottom of the water to reproduce.
- Genus Amaralia
- Amaralia hypsiura (Kner, 1855)
- Amaralia oviraptor Friel & Carvalho, 2016
- Genus Bunocephalus
- Bunocephalus aleuropsis Cope, 1870
- Bunocephalus amaurus Eigenmann, 1912
- Bunocephalus chamaizelus Eigenmann, 1912
- Bunocephalus colombianus Eigenmann, 1912
- Two-tone frypan catfish ( Bunocephalus coracoideus ) (Cope, 1874)
- Bunocephalus doriae Boulenger , 1902
- Bunocephalus erondinae Cardoso, 2010
- Bunocephalus hartti Carvalho et al., 2015
- Bunocephalus knerii Steindachner , 1882
- Bunocephalus larai Ihering , 1930
- Bunocephalus minerim Carvalho et al., 2015
- Big -head frypan catfish ( Bunocephalichthys verrucosus ) (Walbaum, 1792)
- Genus Micromyzon
- Micromyzon akamai Friel & Lundberg, 1996
- Micromyzon orinoco Carvalho et al., 2016
- Genus Pseudobunocephalus Friel, 2008
- Pseudobunocephalus amazonicus (Mees, 1989)
- Pseudobunocephalus bifidus ( Eigenmann , 1942)
- Pseudobunocephalus iheringii ( Boulenger , 1891)
- Pseudobunocephalus lundbergi Friel, 2008
- Pseudobunocephalus quadriradiatus (Mees, 1989)
- Pseudobunocephalus rugosus (Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903)
- Genus Pterobunocephalus
Subfamily Hoplomyzontinae
In addition to the old subfamilies, a third, the Hoplomyzontinae, has been established. It was assigned genera that previously belonged to the Bunocephalinae.
- Genus Dupouyichthys
- Dupouyichthys sapito Schultz, 1944
- Genus Ernstichthys
- Ernstichthys anduzei Fernández-Yépez, 1953
- Genus Hoplomyzone
- Hoplomyzone atrizona
- Hoplomyzon cardosoi Carvalho et al., 2017
- Hoplomyzon papillatus
- Hoplomyzon sexpapilostoma
- Genus Xyliphius
- Xyliphius anachoretes Figueiredo & Britto, 2010
- Xyliphius barbatus
- Xyliphius kryptos
- Xyliphius lepturus
- Xyliphius lombarderoi
- Xyliphius magdalenae
- Xyliphius melanopterus
- Xyliphius sofiae Sabaj et al., 2017
literature
- Günther Sterba : The world's freshwater fish. 2nd Edition. Urania, Leipzig / Jena / Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-332-00109-4 .
- Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
- Roberto E. Reis, Sven O. Kullander, Carl J. Ferraris: Check list of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre, Brazil: EDIPUCRS, 2003.
Individual evidence
- ↑ JP Sullivan, Lundberg JG; Hardman M: A phylogenetic analysis of the major groups of catfishes (Teleostei: Siluriformes) using rag1 and rag2 nuclear gene sequences . In: Mol Phylogenet Evol. . 41, No. 3, 2006, pp. 636-62. doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2006.05.044 .
Web links
- Frying pan and banjo catfish on Fishbase.org (English)
- John P. Friel: Aspredinidae The Tree of Life Web Project