Lady ferns
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Forest lady fern ( Athyrium filix-femina ) |
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| Athyrium | ||||||||||||
| Roth |
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The athyrium ( Athyrium ) are a fern - genus with approximately 180 species.
description
The plants have a persistent, usually short, creeping or ascending rhizome . Some tropical Athyrium species, e.g. B. Athyrium oosorum , are also tree ferns that can reach heights of several meters.
The fertile and sterile fronds are alike. Most of the species are deciduous. They are one to three pinnate to pinnate, whereby the feathering towards the frond tip is less. The shape of the fronds are lanceolate to elliptical.
The frond axis contains two vascular bundles that have grown together on the upper side, so that a U-shaped or crescent moon-shaped bundle is created.
The Sori lie on the underside of each leaflet in a row between the midrib and the leaflet edge. They are usually comma-shaped, hook-shaped, curved in the shape of a horseshoe to elongated straight. The Indusia have the same shape as the Sori and have grown laterally. In some species the indusium is also absent. Because of the elongated shape of the Indusia, the woman ferns used to be part of the striped fern family ( Asplenicaceae ). The shape of the Sori is also the main distinguishing feature from the sterile, sometimes very similar, worm ferns .
Distribution and location requirements
The 170 to 200 species of the genus occur mainly in the northern hemisphere, most of them in China , of which 127 species of lady fern have been described. Most of the others also come from Asia . Several come from tropical Africa and Madagascar , a few from North America and Central America , and finally three species come from the temperate latitudes of South America . Most species grow terrestrially.
Types (selection)
There are only two species in Europe:
- Mountain lady fern or alpine forest fern ( Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz , Syn .: Athyrium alpestre (Hoppe) Rylands ), occurs in Europe, Asia, North America and Greenland
- Forest lady fern ( Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ), occurs in Europe, Asia, Northwest Africa, North, Central and South America
The following species are sometimes planted as ornamental plants:
- Rainbow fern or brocade fern ( Athyrium niponicum (Mett.) Hance ), native to: China, Manchuria, Korea, Japan, Taiwan.
- Athyrium otophorum (Miq.) Koidz. , Home: China, Japan, Korea.
- Silver lady fern ( Athyrium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) Tidestr. , Is also referred to as Diplazium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) M. Broun in the genus Diplazium ), native to Canada, USA.
- Athyrium vidalii (Franch. & Sav.) Nakai , native to: Japan, Korea, Taiwan and China. There are two varieties.
Other types (selection):
- Athyrium arisanense (Hayata) Tagawa : It occurs in Japana and in Taiwan at altitudes between 600 and 2500 meters above sea level.
- Athyrium clivicola Tagawa : It occurs in two varieties in Japan, Korea, Taiwan and China.
- Athyrium davidii (Franchet) Christ : It occurs in northern India, northern Myanmar, Nepal, western Sichuan , southeastern Xizang and northwestern Yunnan at altitudes between 3000 and 4300 meters above sea level.
- Athyrium fauriei (Christ) Makino : It occurs in Japan, China and the Philippines.
- Athyrium mackinnoniorum (C. Hope) C. Christensen : It occurs in three varieties in Afghanistan, northern India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam and China and here at altitudes between 800 and 3800 meters above sea level.
- Athyrium microphyllum (Sm.) Alston
- Athyrium oosorum (Baker) Christ : The species occurs on the Samoa Islands .
- Athyrium roseum Christ : It occurs in two varieties in Yunnan in mountain forests between 1600 and 2400 meters above sea level.
- Athyrium sinense Rupr. : It occurs in China. It thrives in the mountain forests of southeastern Gansu, Hebei, western Henan, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong and Shanxi at altitudes between 300 and 2600 meters above sea level.
- Athyrium wardii (Hooker) Makino : It is widespread in three varieties in Japan, Korea and China and occurs there at altitudes between 500 and 3600 meters above sea level.
- Athyrium yokoscense (Franch. & Sav.) Christ : It occurs in northeastern China, Japan, Korea and in far-eastern Russia.
Sources and further information
literature
- Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
- Werner Rothmaler : Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG. Volume 2: Vascular Plants, 14th Edition. People and knowledge, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-060-12539-2 .
- Urania plant kingdom . Volume 2: Moose, Farne, Nacktsamer, 1st edition 1992, Urania-Verlag, Leipzig 1992, ISBN 3-332-00495-6 .
- Walter Erhardt among others: The big pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names . Volume 2. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Athyrium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
- ^ Alan R. Smith: Dryopteridaceae Herter. In: Flora of North America, vol. 2. [1] .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Zhongren Wang & Masahiro Kato: Athyrium Roth. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 2-3: Athyriaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010.
