Mountain Lady Fern

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Mountain Lady Fern
Mountain lady fern (Athyrium distentifolium), illustration

Mountain lady fern ( Athyrium distentifolium ), illustration

Systematics
Ferns
Class : True ferns (Polypodiopsida)
Order : Spotted ferns (Polypodiales)
Family : Eyelash family (Woodsiaceae)
Genre : Lady ferns ( Athyrium )
Type : Mountain Lady Fern
Scientific name
Athyrium distentifolium
Exchange ex opiz

The mountain lady fern or alpine forest fern ( Athyrium distentifolium ) is a species of the genus lady fern ( Athyrium ) within the family of the eyelashes (Woodsiaceae). It is common in the northern hemisphere .

description

Habit and fern fronds
Sori of the mountain lady fern on the frond bottom

The mountain lady fern grows as a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 60 to 160, rarely up to 200 centimeters. The fronds are double to triple, rarely quadruple, pinnate and dark green, the feathers are broadly lanceolate, with serrated sections. The rachis is green, later yellow and bald. The frond stem is covered with broad lanceolate chaff scales. The Sori are horseshoe-shaped to round, small, their veil falls off early. The spores are winged like a net. The spores ripen in July and August.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 80.

ecology

The mountain lady fern is a hemicryptophyte . The diaspores spread through the wind.

Stock in the habitat

Occurrence

The mountain lady fern is circumpolar in the northern hemisphere . It occurs in Central and East Asia , in Greenland and in Pacific North America . In Europe it occurs scattered in mountains, namely in the Pyrenees , the Alps , the Urals , the Caucasus and the Apennines and in the mountains of Norway . In the Alps it rises to altitudes of 2400, rarely up to 2700 meters. In the Allgäu Alps , it rises on the Linkers-Alpe near Einödsbach in Bavaria to an altitude of 1950 meters.

In Central Europe outside the Alps it occurs in the following low mountain ranges: in the Black Forest , in the Vosges , in the Bavarian Forest, in the Thuringian Forest , in the Harz and in the Giant Mountains .

The mountain lady fern grows in light-rich to weakly shaded, fresh, lime-poor , acidic, mostly long snow-covered locations, mostly on dry, musty, humus soils . Optimal he thrives in Hochstaudenfluren as Kennart its own plant community called distentifolii, Athyrietum; there it forms the inventory. It also occurs in clearings of fir and spruce forests, and only in spruce forests. More rarely it grows in beech-maple forests, where it belongs to the Aceri-Fagetum plant community.

Habit of Athyrium distentifolium var. Americanum

Systematics

Synonyms for Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz are: Aspidium alpestre Hoppe , Athyrium alpestre (Hoppe) Nyl. ex mildness .

There are several varieties of Athyrium distentifolium (selection):

  • Athyrium distentifolium exchange ex Opiz var. Distentifolium
  • Athyrium distentifolium var. Americanum (Butters) Boivin (syn .: Athyrium alpestre var. Americanum Butters , Athyrium americanum (Butters) Maxon )

literature

  • Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen (greeting), Siegmund Seybold: The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants. 95th completely revised u. exp. Edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). 2nd, corrected and enlarged edition. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 1: General Part, Special Part (Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta): Lycopodiaceae to Plumbaginaceae. 2nd, supplemented edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3322-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Athyrium distentifolium exchange ex Opiz, mountain lady fern. In: FloraWeb.de. }
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Page 79. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
  3. ↑ a b c Athyrium distentifolium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 79.

Web links

Commons : Mountain Lady Fern ( Athyrium distentifolium )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files