August knife

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Wilhelm August Messer (born February 11, 1867 in Mainz , † July 11, 1937 in Rostock ) was a German philosopher specializing in psychology . He belonged to the Würzburg School , whose representatives researched thought processes.

Life

From 1885 Messer studied classical philology , history and German at the universities of Giessen , Strasbourg and Heidelberg . In 1890 he took the senior teacher examination and obtained his doctorate in 1893 under Hermann Siebeck (1842–1920) in Giessen with a thesis on Thomas Hobbes . From 1893 he worked as a teacher, u. a. in Giessen at Hermann Schiller's school . In 1899 he completed his habilitation in philosophy and education at the University of Giessen. In 1904 he was appointed associate professor there. In connection with the modernism dispute , he resigned from the Roman Catholic Church in 1905 . He also left the Catholic student associations VKDSt Hasso-Rhenania Gießen and KDStV Arminia Heidelberg , to which he had belonged since his studies. He even co-founded Arminia in 1887. In 1908 he got a teaching position for experimental psychology and experimental pedagogy .

In 1910, he succeeded Karl Groos as a full professor of philosophy and education at the University of Giessen. In the youth movement he actively supported the Free German youth as a community of faith and turned against political radicalization, especially in the revolution of 1918/1919. In the Weimar Republic he was committed to adult education and adult education centers on the basis of modern pedagogy. In 1932 he asked Hitler in writing to renounce his candidacy as Reich President in order to enable a moral renewal of Germany. After the National Socialists seized power , he was dismissed from civil service in 1933. He died on a lecture tour in Rostock.

August Messer's philosophical position changed under the influence of Oswald Külpe from initially Neo-Kantian and idealistic views to that of a critical realist . Among the works of the philosopher, who was widely read at the time, there are primarily his representations of the history of philosophy as well as those on epistemology and critical realism.

Publications

As an author:

  • August Friedwalt (pseudonym): Catholic students. Novel. Greiner & Pfeiffer, Stuttgart 1905.
  • Sensation and thinking. Quelle and Meyer, Leipzig 1908.
  • Introduction to the theory of knowledge. Meiner, Leipzig 1909; 3rd edition 1927.
  • History of Philosophy in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Quelle and Meyer, Leipzig 1912; last: 9th edition 1932.
  • History of philosophy from the beginning of the modern era to the end of the 18th century. Quelle and Meyer, Leipzig 1912; Finally: History of Philosophy from the Beginning of Modern Times to the Age of Enlightenment. 8th edition 1932.
  • History of philosophy from the beginning of the 19th century to the present. Quelle and Meyer, Leipzig 1913; last: History of Philosophy in the 19th Century. 8th edition 1935.
  • The philosophy of the present. Quelle and Meyer, Leipzig 1916; lastly: The philosophy of the present in Germany. 8th edition 1934.
  • Commentary on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. Strecker & Schröder, Stuttgart 1922.
  • The critical realism. Braun, Karlsruhe 1923.
  • History of Pedagogy. 3 volumes. Hirt, Breslau 1925; 2nd edition 1930/31.
  • Psychology. Deutsche Verlagsanstalt, Stuttgart 1914; 5th edition 1934.
  • Introduction to psychology and the psychological directions of the present. Meiner, Leipzig 1927.
  • Sexual ethics. People's Association of Book Friends. Wegweiser-Verlag, Berlin 1931

As editor:

  • Friedrich Nietzsche : Works in two volumes. Selected and introduced by August Messer. Kröner, Leipzig 1930.
  • Paul de Lagarde : Writings for Germany. Kröner, Stuttgart 1933.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Siegfried Schieweck-Mauk: Lexicon of CV and ÖCV connections. Cologne 1997, p. 92.
  2. ↑ August Messer in: Raymund Schmidt (Ed.): The philosophy of the present in self-portrayals. Volume 3, Meiner, Leipzig 1922, pp. 145–176, here: p. 159 ( digitized version ).
personal data
SURNAME Messer, August
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Messer, Wilhelm August (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH February 11, 1867
PLACE OF BIRTH Mainz
DATE OF DEATH July 11, 1937
Place of death Rostock