August by Bulmerincq

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August by Bulmerincq

August von Bulmerincq (born July 31, jul. / 12. August  1822 greg. In Riga ; † 18th August 1890 in Stuttgart ) occasionally, even August Michael Bulmerincq called, was a Baltic German lawyer , who in the second half of the 19 Century was one of the most important experts in the field of international law . He worked from 1856 to 1875 as a professor at the University of Dorpat and from 1882 until his death at the University of Heidelberg .

Life

August von Bulmerincq was born in 1822 as the son of the Riga- based trader Eberhard von Bulmerincq and his wife Johanna, geb. Warrior, born. He studied from 1841 to 1845 at the University of Dorpat in what is now Tartu , where he was a member of the Fraternitas Rigensis , and for a short time at the University of Heidelberg . He then practiced at courts in Riga for a few years. In 1849 he submitted his thesis for a master's degree in law at the University of Dorpat, and in 1853 he obtained the venia legendi (teaching license) with a thesis on the history of asylum law . A year later he became a regular private lecturer in the areas of trade and maritime law . In 1856 he received his doctorate and became associate professor and two years later full professor of constitutional and international law at the University of Dorpat. From 1867 to 1870 he was also the university's prorector.

In 1875 August von Bulmerincq left the civil service in Russia with the right to a pension and with the rank of Real Councilor of State . He went to Germany and lived in Wiesbaden from 1876 to 1881 . Although he did not take part in the founding meeting of the Institut de Droit international (Institute for International Law) in Ghent in September 1873 because the invitation had not reached him in time, he was considered a member of the institute since its inception. In the following years he was one of the most influential personalities of the institute and was, among other things, from 1877 to 1887 rapporteur for the commission for naval law . From 1882 until his death, he succeeded Johann Caspar Bluntschli as professor for constitutional law and politics in Heidelberg and was appointed to the Baden Privy Council in connection with his appointment . In 1887 he was chairman of the tenth meeting of the Institut de Droit international, which took place in Heidelberg, and was chairman of the institute in 1887 and 1888. He died in Stuttgart in 1890 .

family

From 1852 August von Bulmerincq was married to Mathilde Hernmarck, the daughter of the then mayor of Riga, but the marriage remained childless. The von Bulmerincq family were of Scottish origin, but later settled in Lübeck . From there, their ancestors moved to Riga in the 17th century, where they were among the most respected and wealthy merchant families. In 1804 the family was raised to imperial nobility . The history as well as the political and social situation of the Baltic provinces of Russia were an essential topic of the work of August von Bulmerincq due to his personal connections.

Legal philosophical and political views

Title page of the work The Systematics of International Law , 1858

The foundations of international law were provided by August von Bulmerincq, who wrote fundamental works on the system and principles of international law with his doctorate published in 1856 and the works "The Systematics of International Law" and "Practice, Theory and Codification of International Law" published in 1858 and 1874 respectively all historically based. His legal philosophical views were predominantly positivistic and based on the demand for objectivity in legal practice and a separation of law from politics . However, for example, the statements in his later book “Practice, Theory and Codification of International Law” as well as in some other publications were partly of his support for German unification efforts , a rejection of French policy under Napoléon III. as well as a corresponding partisanship in the evaluation of the Franco-German War of 1870/1871.

He was also inconsistent with the attitude towards Catholicism , which resulted primarily from his own Evangelical Lutheran faith , with regard to the demand for objectivity and the separation of law and politics that he represented. This came, for example, in his corresponding positioning in the dispute, known as the Kulturkampf , between Reich Chancellor Otto von Bismarck and the Catholic Church under Pope Pius IX. expressed in the years between 1871 and 1878. The same applies to his rejection of the German social democracy that was organized from the beginning of the 1870s .

Works (selection)

  • The choice and procedure of the voluntary arbitration tribunal. A theoretical-practical discussion. Dorpat 1849 (final thesis to obtain the Master of Laws)
  • The right of asylum in its historical development is judged from the standpoint of the law and its importance under international law for the extradition of fugitive criminals. Dorpat 1853 (work to obtain the Venia legendi)
  • De natura principiorum juris inter gentes positivi. Dorpat 1856 (dissertation)
  • The systematics of international law. Dorpat 1858
  • Practice, theory and codification of international law. Leipzig 1874

literature

Web links

Commons : August von Bulmerincq  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ album fratrum Rigensium 1823-1979 . Hechthausen 1981. No. 277
personal data
SURNAME Bulmerincq, August of
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bulmerincq, August Michael
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Lawyer and international law expert
DATE OF BIRTH August 12, 1822
PLACE OF BIRTH Riga
DATE OF DEATH August 18, 1890
Place of death Stuttgart