Auguste of Bavaria
Princess Auguste Amalia Ludovika of Bavaria , from 1806 Auguste de Beauharnais (born June 21, 1788 in Strasbourg , † May 13, 1851 in Munich ) was Vice Queen of Italy by marriage , from 1817 Duchess of Leuchtenberg and Princess of Eichstätt .
Life
Princess Auguste was the eldest daughter of the future King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (1756-1825) and his first wife Princess Auguste Wilhelmine of Hessen-Darmstadt (1765-1796), a daughter of Prince Georg Wilhelm of Hessen-Darmstadt and his wife Princess Maria Luise Albertine zu Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg , born. She grew up during the coalition wars.
Auguste was already engaged to Karl Ludwig Friedrich , the Hereditary Grand Duke of Baden, but since Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte was ready to make her father king, he asked her in return as a bride for his stepson Eugène de Beauharnais , the viceroy of Italy. On Christmas Day 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to his stepson from Schönbrunn Palace to ask for the hand of the Bavarian princess. After approval, her father was proclaimed King of Bavaria on January 1, 1806 . Auguste resisted the connection, pouted and passed out for a long time . This was in vain, she had to submit. On January 13, Minister Montgelas and the French envoy signed the marriage agreement , after which the civil wedding took place in the Green Gallery of the Munich residence . On January 14, 1806, Princess Auguste married the Italian viceroy Eugène de Beauharnais (1781–1824), son of Viscount Alexandre de Beauharnais , who was guillotined in 1794, and his wife, who later became Empress Joséphine de Beauharnais (Marie Josephe Rose de Tascher de la Pagerie). . Napoleon also attended the ceremony, he showed himself at his best and was in a good mood. It is reported that for reasons of state, marriage developed into a lifelong, happy love affair.
With the birth of Napoléon II on March 20, 1811, her husband was no longer the heir to the French imperial crown, but he continued to stick with his adoptive father. Only after the defeat of Napoleon did Eugène lay down his arms on April 17, 1814 and, in view of the increasing anti-French mood, left his kingdom of Italy. Eugène and Auguste arrived with their family on May 4, 1814 at the Bavarian royal court in Munich . In order to provide for the family of the son-Eugène received by a royal charter of 14 and a royal declaration of 15 November 1817 by I. Maximilian Joseph of Bavaria at the suggestion of his minister Count Maximilian von Montgelas the title of Duke of Leuchtenberg - in Based on the Upper Palatinate Landgrave of the same name , where the Leuchtenberg house died out after the 17th century - and was awarded to a Prince of Eichstätt . August's husband Eugène, seriously ill at Easter 1823, but saved again by the doctors, died in his Munich palace in 1824.
Auguste resided in Palais Leuchtenberg and Ismaning Castle until her death and was buried in the Michaelskirche in Munich.
The happy marriage resulted in seven children:
- Joséphine (1807–1876) ⚭ 1823 King Oskar I of Sweden
- Eugénie (1808–1847) ⚭ 1826 Prince Konstantin von Hohenzollern-Hechingen
- Auguste (1810–1835), 2nd Duke of Leuchtenberg ⚭ 1835 Queen Maria II of Portugal
- Amélie (1812–1873) ⚭ 1829 Emperor Peter I of Brazil
- Théodelinde (1814–1857) ⚭ 1841 Duke Wilhelm von Urach
- Carolina Clotilde (born January 15, 1816 in Munich, † January 25, 1816 in Munich, buried in the royal crypt of St. Michael)
- Maximilian (1817–1852), 3rd Duke of Leuchtenberg ⚭ 1839 Grand Duchess Maria Nikolajewna of Russia
ancestors
| Christian III of Pfalz-Zweibrücken (1674–1735) | |||||||||||||
| Friedrich Michael of Pfalz-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (1724–1767) | |||||||||||||
| Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken (1704–1774) | |||||||||||||
| Maximilian I Joseph King of Bavaria (1756–1825) | |||||||||||||
| Joseph Karl von Pfalz-Sulzbach (1694–1729) | |||||||||||||
| Maria Franziska von Pfalz-Sulzbach (1724–1794) | |||||||||||||
| Elisabeth Auguste Sofie of the Palatinate (1693–1728) | |||||||||||||
| Auguste of Bavaria | |||||||||||||
| Ludwig VIII Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1691–1768) | |||||||||||||
| Georg Wilhelm of Hessen-Darmstadt (1722–1782) | |||||||||||||
| Charlotte von Hanau-Lichtenberg (1700–1726) | |||||||||||||
| Auguste Wilhelmine of Hessen-Darmstadt (1765–1796) | |||||||||||||
| Christian von Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg (1695–1766) | |||||||||||||
| Luise zu Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg (1729-1818) | |||||||||||||
| Katharina Polyxena von Solms-Rödelheim (1702–1765) | |||||||||||||
Worth mentioning
Princess Auguste of Bavaria was considered beautiful. Emperor Napoleon liked her so much that he sent a cup made of Nymphenburg porcelain with her portrait to his stepson Eugène de Beauharnais - with the order to marry this king's daughter immediately. So this mug finally created a very fulfilling and happy bond.
According to her was Auguststraße named in Munich Maxvorstadt.
literature
- Marita A. Panzer: Wittelsbach women. Princely daughters of a European dynasty. Pustet, Regensburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-7917-2419-5 , pp. 147-159.
- Armin Schroll: Princess Auguste Amalie of Bavaria (1788-1851). A biography from Napoleonic times. Meidenbauer, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-89975-725-5 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Friedrich Weissensteiner : Women on the Habsburg throne. The Austrian empresses . Piper, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-492-23033-4 , p. 74: Kaiserin Karoline Auguste.
- ^ Napoleon's future planning for the Dalberg state and Aschaffenburg .
- ↑ https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/augustenstrasse-1.4360094
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Auguste of Bavaria |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Auguste Amalia Ludovika Princess of Bavaria (full name); Auguste de Beauharnais, Duchess of Leuchtenberg |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Princess of Bavaria, by marriage Vice Queen of Italy, Duchess of Leuchtenberg and Princess of Eichstätt |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 21, 1788 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Strasbourg |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 13, 1851 |
| Place of death | Munich |