Automatic deformation monitoring
An automatic deformation monitoring consists of a group of interactive, related or independent software and hardware components, which together form a complex for deformation monitoring . As soon as the necessary components have been installed and prepared for data transfer, no further human intervention is necessary. Automatic systems for deformation monitoring can help save human lives and prevent high financial losses for infrastructure and the economy.
Components of an automatic deformation monitoring system
An automatic deformation monitoring system includes:
- consultation
- Sensors
- communication
- Software for data acquisition including data management
- Deformation analysis.
consultation
Before setting up a system, a number of consultations are necessary, ranging from an on-site appointment to analyze the local conditions and compiling the requirements to a detailed elaboration of the selection of suitable measuring sensors. This also includes the installation, power supply, communication, server installation, the software for data acquisition and transmission, operation and maintenance of the system.
Sensors
In order to cover all possible applications, an automatic deformation monitoring system must support all geodetic and geotechnical measuring sensors that are required for monitoring.
- Geodetic measuring sensors detect possible displacements or movements in position and / or height in a georeferenced manner . Instruments such as total stations , levels and receivers for global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are used for this purpose.
- Geotechnical measuring sensors do not record displacements or movements georeferenced, but measure physical properties. These sensors include extensometers , piezometers , rain gauge , thermometer , barometer , inclinometer , accelerometers , seismographs , etc. For more information, see Geotechnical sensors .
- Other measuring sensors , such as B. Radar gauges .
communication
Between the measuring sensors and the software for data acquisition, there is a wide range of media for data communication, depending on the distance, transmission rate and costs:
- serial connections ( RS-232 , RS-485 , USB , fiber optic )
- Ethernet ( LAN )
- wireless networks ( WLAN , Bluetooth , ZigBee )
- mobile communication ( GSM , GPRS , UMTS , LTE , WiMax )
Software for data acquisition including data management
The software is the core of the monitoring system, because it plays the key role in data acquisition with the associated measuring sensors. It records the data, calculates results, visualizes possible shifts and sends a message to the responsible person if the specified limit values are exceeded.
In contrast, the operator or user must have sufficient specialist knowledge and experience to make the right decision when it comes to movements, ie an independent check through on-site inspections, retrospective controls, such as B. structural repairs. This also includes emergency protection, which includes shutting down operations, containing the process and, in special cases, evacuation.
The monitoring systems used include:
- Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences - Technology and Economics - GOCA
- University of Applied Sciences Neubrandenburg - DABAMOS ( Open Source )
- Leica Geosystems - GeoMoS
- MSP - RAPID ADMS (for sensors from Sokkia and Topcon )
- Technical University of Munich - MoSTUM
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics - Ulyxes ( Open Source )
- Trimble Navigation - 4D Control
- VMT GmbH - TUnIS deformation monitoring
Deformation analysis
The deformation analysis deals with the calculation and evaluation and the statistical significance of the measured displacements. The analysis can be done visually using a time axis, a scatter diagram, vector and other graphics as well as numerical display options. The numerical deformation analysis takes place directly in a network adjustment .
swell
- John FA Moore (Ed.). Monitoring building structures . Blackie and Son et al., Glasgow et al. 1992, ISBN 0-216-93141-X . (also: ISBN 0-442-31333-0 )
Individual evidence
- ↑ GOCA - GNSS / LPS / LS-based online Control and Alarm System
- ↑ DABAMOS - database-oriented monitoring and analysis system
- ↑ Leica GeoMoS
- ↑ RAPID ADMS ( Memento of the original from March 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ MOSTUM
- ↑ Ulyxes
- ↑ Trimble 4D Control
- ↑ TUnIS deformation monitoring
