Ayran
Ayran is a drink from the Middle East , mainly from Turkey and the Caucasus . It is usually made with yogurt , water and salt . Industrially produced Ayran can contain milk permeate in addition to water .
Manufacturing
For preparation, yoghurt and water are stirred in a ratio of 2: 1 with a little salt until frothy. Full- fat yoghurt made from sheep's or cow's milk with strongly acidic cultures ( Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus ) serves as the basis . Ayran is occasionally flavored with lemon balm , mint or basil . In addition to the usual salty variant, Ayran is also offered with a fruit flavor. Ayran is traditionally served to arriving guests in rural Turkey .
The fat content is 3.0% fat and the physiological calorific value is approx. 180 kJ / 100 g (43 kcal / 100 g).
variants
Due to the nomadic cuisine of the Turkic peoples of Central Asia , Ayran spread under the Armenian name Tan in Russia as a health drink . Tan is available both with and without sparkling acid , and there are many different flavors, e.g. B. from goat milk , with cucumber juice , with dill , other herbs or with black pepper . Similar yoghurt drinks are known in the Caucasus ( kefir ) or other South Asian and Oriental countries, e.g. B. Lassi in India and Pakistan and Dugh in Afghanistan and Iran , which is available in salty and sweet versions with different spices.
Due to the western expansion of the Ottoman Empire , the drink also found its way into the cuisine of the Balkan countries. In Albania it is known as Dhallë.
history
The origin of Ayran cannot be classified in terms of time. The geographical roots are also controversial. There are many indications that Ayran has its origins in the Caucasus and the Anatolian region. It may be discovered by nomadic tribes of the Gök Turks , who ruled between the Caspian Sea and Manchuria from 552 to 745 AD . They mixed yoghurt that had become sour with water and thus received the yoghurt-based soft drink. In the course of the Islamization of the Turkic peoples, Ayran also replaced the slightly alcoholic milk drink kumys (fermented mare's milk).
Status as the Turkish national drink
In 2015, the Turkish Ministry of Commerce sentenced the state-owned company Çaykur to pay a fine of the equivalent of 70,250 euros for an advertising spot for Didi iced tea . In the commercial the sentence was advertised: "I drank Ayran, it made me fall asleep." The reason had been the "gratuitous degradation" of the drink Ayran. Ayran was promoted to the rank of national drink in 2013 by Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Nevin Halici: Turkish Delights . In: University of California Press (Ed.): Gastronomica: The Journal of Critical Food Studies . tape 1 , no. 1 , April 27, 2013, p. 92-93 .
- ↑ Stefanie Maurer: Ayran - the Turkish yoghurt drink. In: aramark-ernaehrung.de. July 9, 2012, accessed August 18, 2015 .
- ↑ Tea manufacturer insults the drink Ayran - and has to pay a fine of 70,000 euros. In: Focus Online. Retrieved May 9, 2016 .