BS2000

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BS2000 / OSD
developer Fujitsu Technology Solutions GmbH
License (s) Proprietary
First publ. 1975
Current  version 11.0 (July 2017)
Architecture (s) S / 370 , S / 390 , MIPS , SPARC , x86
Fujitsu Technology Solutions GmbH

BS2000 (since 1992 is the official name of BS2000 / OSD ) is the mainframe - operating system platform from Fujitsu Technology Solutions . The name is also used synonymously for the mainframe computers from Siemens / FTS. The predecessor operating system, BS1000, was developed by Siemens since 1968 on the basis of the disk operating system (PBS) for the Spectra 70 models (4004-15 and 4004-26). At the end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s, Siemens carefully urged its BS1000 customers to switch to the modern, virtual BS2000 operating system.

Technical details

Mainframes are designed to set up ( install ) and run many applications ( programs ) in parallel on one computer . This means that the number of computers required can be kept small. Originally it was possible to save costs for the hardware components, which used to be much more expensive. Today, the advantage of an architecture that manages with significantly fewer computers is that the complexity of the IT infrastructure is significantly lower.

So that different applications and users on one computer do not interfere with each other, mainframe systems must be able to isolate the different users and processes from one another in an optimal way. They do this through the virtualization of all resources used by the applications and through a differentiated central resource management based on access rights and priorities.

The high degree of virtualization simultaneously decouples the application software from hardware and implementation details and thus forms the basis for long-term compatibility, high flexibility, high availability, wide scalability and great robustness of the services running on mainframes.

In contrast to other mainframe systems, BS2000 / OSD offers exactly the same interface in all operating modes ( batch , dialog mode and online transaction processing) and regardless of whether it is running natively or as a guest system in a virtual machine. This uniformity of the user interface and the entire BS2000 software configuration makes administration and automation particularly easy.

BS2000 / OSD is mainly used in the European market. After the IBM mainframe systems , it is the most widely used mainframe system in Germany. In the public sector, in banking and insurance, but also in industry, mainframes are valued for many applications because of their architectural reliability.

history

In terms of development history, BS2000 / OSD has its roots in the TSOS (Timesharing Operating System) operating system, which was first developed by RCA for the / 46 model of the Spectra / 70 series. This computer line of the late 1960s was modeled on the architecture of the S / 360 series from IBM. After a patent dispute with IBM, RCA stopped producing and developing hardware and software.

Siemens took over the development independently and sold the BBS (tape operating system) developed on the basis of TSOS with its own hardware (system 4004). In the beginning, the hardware was based on exact copies of the RCA designs, but these were redissolved. The mechanical construction (fastenings, screws, board dimensions, etc.) was changed from imperial to metric .

With the model 4004/151 or / 220, the extensions of the IBM S / 370 architecture with virtual addressing were adopted. It was one of the first operating systems to consistently introduce the principle of virtual addressing and a separate address space for the programs of different users. From TSOS, the operating system inherited the consistent structuring on uniform, set and / or block-oriented file interfaces, so that unnecessary device dependencies in user programs could be avoided.

With the establishment of the Unidata network by Bull, Philips and Siemens, the Siemens mainframe computers were sold under the name 7.700 etc. With the computers internally designated as X-CPUs (X1, X3, X4), the instruction set has also been expanded. The non-privileged instruction set continued to correspond to / 370, but was e.g. B. extended to hardware stack and bit manipulation commands. There were four instead of three functional states (P1 = user, P2 = system, P3 = interrupt processing, P4 = machine error).

Compared to competing operating systems, BS2000 was easier for the user to operate, since many processes (e.g. storage space allocation) are carried out automatically, especially when accessing the file system. The abbreviation TSOS has been retained as a user account to this day, it corresponds to the root ID of Unix systems.

1972
Presentation of the Golym computer (1971)
BS2000 was used as an information system for the press at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich (GOLYM computer system). The big advantage for the software developers was the integrated debugger IDA (Interactive Debugging Aid). Breakpoints could be set on the BS2000 command line and program variables could be read out and changed.
1975
In June 1975 Siemens delivered a further development of this operating system (version 5.0) for the models of the Siemens mainframe computers of the 7.700 series. This first BS2000 version already supported disk paging and three different operating modes in the same system: dialog, batch and shareholder operation, a forerunner of online transaction processing (OLTP operation). The operating system had to be adapted (generated) for the existing hardware configuration, i. H. the internal tables of the operating system for input / output, main memory configuration, etc. were generated by a system generation run. In a second run, the optional software modules and the previously generated tables were linked to the actual loadable operating system kernel.
1977
With the communication system Transdata the entry into the then modern computer networking took place. Similar to BS2000, the PDN (program system for data and network control) had to be adapted to the respective hardware configuration. H. every line, every modem, every monitor and printer had to be defined.
1978
The introduction of multiprocessor technology improved system availability; thus the first bi-processor models 7.761 and 7.762 from Siemens were supported. From then on, the operating system could cope with the failure of a processor . At the same time, the range of services was expanded considerably. The performance of a 7,760 (monoprocessor) was between 0.98 and 1.07 MIPS , depending on the configuration .
1979
With the transaction monitor Universal Transaction Monitor (UTM) which is particularly important for mainframes online transaction processing is supported as another mode.
1987
BS2000 is ported to the XA architecture (25 or 31-bit user address space) and now supports 2 GB address spaces, 512 processes and the XS channel system (Dynamic Channel Subsystem).
BS2000 was also downsized : by using a Hercules card in a Sinix 9780 system, you could put the mainframe under your desk.
1989
With version 9.0 new computers were supported. The two series (H60 and H90) were developed in Munich and manufactured in Augsburg. Water-cooled ECL circuits were used in the H90 (development name Tiger), the monoprocessor output was a maximum of 15 MIPS.
1990
With the virtual machine VM2000, several BS2000 systems, including different versions, can run in parallel on one computer. The concept can be found today in virtualization solutions such as VMware ESX or Xen . The new hierarchical storage management system HSMS automatically displaces rarely used data to cheaper storage media. As soon as this data is needed again, it is automatically restored on media with fast data access. The Maren tape archive system enables the connection of robot systems .
1991
With version 10, BS2000 is broken down into subsystems that are decoupled from one another. This increases the flexibility in further development and software delivery. In addition, the security of the system was evaluated according to F2 / Q3 .
1992/1995
BS2000 is being realigned in the direction of openness for application software and is now called BS2000 / OSD (Open Server Dimension). After porting the POSIX interfaces in 1992, the XPG4 standard is fully supported in 1995 .
1996
Porting from BS2000 / OSD to the RISC architecture from MIPS . Although the operating system now runs on different hardware architectures (S server with S / 390 architecture and SR2000 server for the RISC architecture), the object-compatible process is guaranteed for BS2000 applications. Applications produced for S / 390 can be used on computers with RISC architecture without recompilation. Due to the necessary emulation of the S / 370 instruction set, the performance of programs that have not been recompiled is not always optimal.
1997
With WebTransactions, existing BS2000 applications can be made Internet- compatible without having to intervene in these applications.
1999
BS2000 / OSD is the first operating system in the world to receive the Internet branding of the Open Group .
2002
With the porting of BS2000 / OSD to the SPARC architecture, the new SX server line is created. Fujitsu Siemens Computers is thus continuing its strategy of hardware independence while maintaining full compatibility.
2004
After ESCON and FICON , Fiber Channel is now also supported. Through the integration into SAN storage networks with fiber channel technology, increases in throughput are achieved compared to the previous technologies.
2007
BS2000 / OSD version 7.0 is released. The focus of development is: Provision of the snap and clone functionality of the EMC Symmetrix DMX storage systems for BS2000 files and disks. Online provisioning for pubsets (this function automatically adds disks from a pool of free disks to a BS2000 file system or returns excess disks to this pool). Autonomous, dynamic control of I / O resources (IORM). Similar to the priority control for the allocation of CPU time slices, this function realizes a priority control for processes when accessing I / O resources.
2008
BS2000 was ported to the x86 architecture. The newest (small) servers use Intel Xeon CPUs.
2009
In May 2009 FSC becomes Fujitsu Technology Solutions (FTS)
BS2000 / OSD version 8.0 is released.
2011
BS2000 / OSD version 9.0 is announced as a pilot phase for the end of March 2012
2012
Release of BS2000 / OSD version 9.0 in June 2012
2014
Pilot release of BS2000 / OSD version 10.0 in November 2014; General release announced for April 2015
2015
Release of BS2000 / OSD version 10.0 in May 2015
Publication of an Eclipse plug-in for the remote development of BS2000 applications
2017
Pilot release of BS2000 / OSD version 11.0 in March 2017. Release in July 2017.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Siemens and the BS1000 operating system , accessed on May 13, 2016.
  2. ↑ RCA TSOS Information Manual (PDF; 2.19 MB)
  3. ↑ Heise: Fujitsu polishes the mainframe operating system BS2000
  4. ↑ White Paper Fujitsu BS2000 / OSD-BC V9.0 (PDF; 496 kB)
  5. ↑ White Paper FUJITSU Software BS2000 OSD / BC V10.0 (PDF; 618 kB)
  6. ↑ White Paper FUJITSU Software BS2000 OSD / BC V11.0 (PDF; 439 kB)