Badaun
| Badaun बदायूँ |
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| State : |
 India
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| State : | Uttar Pradesh | ||
| District : | Badaun | ||
| Location : | 28 ° 2 ′ N , 79 ° 8 ′ E | ||
| Height : | 171 m | ||
| Residents : | 159,285 (2011) | ||
Badaun , also Badayun ( Hindi : बदायूँ , Urdu : بدایوں; Badāyūṃ̣ [ ˈbʌˈd̪aːjũː ]; English Budaun ), is a city with approx. 170,000 inhabitants in the north-central area of the state of Uttar Pradesh in India . The city is the administrative seat of the Badaun district .
location
Badaun is located in the fertile Ganges plain about 255 km (driving distance) southeast of the Indian capital Delhi at an altitude of about 170 m above sea level. d. M .; the neighboring town of Bareilly is about 50 km northeast.
population
55% of the population are Hindus and 44% Muslim ; the rest is attributable to other religious groups such as Sikhs , Buddhists , Jains and Christians . The male population is around 10% higher than the female population.
history
According to legend, Badaun was founded in 905. An inscription dated to the 12th century contains a list of twelve kings who ruled from the city. The first confirmed historical event is the conquest of the city by Qutb-ud-Din Aibak in 1196. After that, it was developed into an important fortress in the northern border area of the Sultanate of Delhi . The town was destroyed by fire in 1571/72 and 100 years later its importance began to decline when the administrative center was relocated to Bareilly . In 1838 the city became the administrative seat of a British- controlled district.
Attractions
Jama Masjid Shamsi
The Great Mosque of Badaun ( Jama Masjid Shamsi ), which was founded by Iltutmish (r. 1211–1236), a sultan of the slave dynasty of Delhi , is of particular art historical importance . Iltutmish was governor of Badaun before becoming sultan. The current shape of the mosque goes back to the reconstruction by Muhammad bin Tughluq in 1326. The basic plan of the complex forms a right-angled rectangle of 60 × 85 m with a 30 × 53 m large inner courtyard, in the center of which there is a square water basin for the ablutions ( wudoo ' ) prescribed by the Koran in sura 5,6 and that of the main entrance in East is accessible. The courtyard follows the classic Persian four- iwan plan. The high halls ( iwan ), which are open on one side, and the passageways leading to the courtyard ( pischtaq ) behind the portals, which are open on both sides, are taken directly from Seljuk architecture. The architecture of the mosque has little in common with other Indian mosques of the 13th and 14th centuries. Even before the Friday mosque of Jahanpanah near Delhi, which was built around 1343 , the mosque of Badaun has the oldest surviving four-iwan plan in India. The square central prayer room in the west is vaulted by a dome and is flanked on both sides by pillared halls.
Other
In the city of Sheikhupur , which is only 4 km away, there are several mausoleums from the 17th century.
sons and daughters of the town
- Nizamuddin Auliya (1238-1325), Sufi of the Chishtiyya order
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Badaun - Census 2011
- ↑ Encyclopaedia Britannica 1911 entry "Badaun"
- ^ Finbarr Barry Flood: Persianate Trends in Sultanate Architecture: The Great Mosque of Bada'un. In: Bernard O'Kane (Ed.): The Iconography of Islamic Art. Studies in Honor of Robert Hillenbrand. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 2005, pp. 159-195