Barzyna (Rychliki)
Barzyna (German meadow ) is a Polish village that belongs to the Gmina Rychliki (Reichenbach) in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .
geography
The district of Barzyna is located about three kilometers west of the central municipality Rychliki, which can be reached via the provincial road 527 Przezmark (Prussian Mark) - Pasłęk (Prussian Holland) . The defining landscape is the wetland of Dzierzgoń (Sorge) and Druzno (Drausensee) in the Elblian lowlands. While agricultural areas predominate in the immediate vicinity, a larger forest area extends to the south with the Elbinger Hospitalforst.
history
Ownership until 1945
Since it was first mentioned in a document in 1310, the place known today as Barzyna has had numerous other names such as Wissen, Wisen, Weszen, Wylen, Wilen and Wiclen. The German name Wiese was valid until 1945. The village was founded in the late 13th century during the colonization of the former Old Prussian landscape Pomesania by the Teutonic Order . The years 1310 and 1374 stand for the enfeoffment of a manor in knowledge. On September 21, 1374, the Komtur zu Christburg, Konrad Zöllner von Rotenstein, enfeoffed three German brothers with the manor. After Cristoph von Dieben, a landlord, was mentioned at the beginning of the 16th century, the estate was described as desolate when it was leaned again in 1558.
In 1560, Hans Bodecker (Johannes Bodeck) appeared for the first time as a representative of the von Bodeck noble family as a squire on meadow. One of the most famous family members in the meadow was Hans von Bodeck (* 1582, † 1658), who made a name for himself as a diplomat and chancellor of the Elector of Brandenburg-Prussia . After Heinrich von Bodeck (* 1750; † 1829) had left no male heir, the name Bodeck died out on Gut Wiesen. However, the estate remained in the family for two generations through the daughter and granddaughter. The latter sold the estate to Otto Frankenstein around 1860.
In 1890 a new family history began with the von der Groeben family on Wiesen, when Carl von der Groeben acquired the manor. His wife Maria geb. von Carstanjen, daughter of a wealthy Rhineland merchant family, brought part of the family's famous collection of paintings into the marriage. His son Gerd von der Groeben took over the estate in 1912 after the death of his father and turned it into a successful farm. In the 1930s Gut Wiese, the oldest East Prussian stock breeding company for merino meat , received several awards. Gerd von der Groeben died shortly before the end of World War II as a lieutenant in the Volkssturm in the Red Army offensive on January 24, 1945 northeast of Pasłęk.
administration
At first, Wiese was under the rule of the Teutonic Order and was supervised by the Kommende Christburg. After the Teutonic Order was secularized in 1525, the Duchy of Prussia exercised central power and made Wiese subordinate to the Oberland district . The Kingdom of Prussia , founded in 1701, divided the Oberländische Kreis in 1752, and Wiese was in future administered by the district of Mohrungen . After an administrative reform, Prussia created the new district of Prussian Holland in 1818 , which in future was responsible for Wiese with its around 100 inhabitants. When the districts were established in Prussia in 1874 , Wiese came to the Klein Marwitz district as a legally independent manor district with around 130 residents. In 1928 the manor districts of Wiese and Nahmgeist were merged to form the new rural community of Wiese, which in 1930 also received the status of an administrative district. In 1933, 416 inhabitants were counted in Wiese, by 1939 the number of inhabitants had dropped to 362.
After the end of World War II, Wiese came under Polish administration in 1945 and was renamed Barzyna. From 1946 Barzyna was assigned as a district of the municipality Rychliki of the Olsztyn Voivodeship . From 1975 to 1998 the Elbląg Voivodeship was responsible, which then became part of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. The population of Barzyna is around 100.
Mansion
The former manor house, which has fallen into disrepair since the 1980s and is located in the middle of a former landscape park, was considered an example of residential architecture in which different time periods and architectural styles were linked. Its origins go back to the end of the 17th century when the noble von Bodeck family built a mansion. A presumably single-storey building with a high attic and decorated with a central projectile emerged. After about a hundred years, the von Bodecks enlarged the house by adding two side wings. At the same time, the central wing received a ballroom with high windows and a stucco ceiling. After the Frankenstein family had acquired the estate in 1860, further modifications were made. The south-west wing and the facade project were redesigned in a neo-Gothic style, the wing was raised and decorated with pinnacles at the four corners . The entire building ensemble was provided with a slate hip roof. At the turn of the 20th century, the new owner Carl von der Groeben built an orangery on the south front with a representative entrance made up of three arched arcades . His son furnished the interiors in the neo-baroque style in the 1930s .
After 1945 the manor house was given to a Polish state property, which used it for staff apartments and office space. In the absence of maintenance measures, the building gradually fell into disrepair and was abandoned in the 1980s. Although now only in ruins, the former manor house is still listed in the list of monuments of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.
literature
- Jackiewicz / Garniec: castles and manor houses in the former East Prussia. Studio Arta, Olsztyn 2001, ISBN 978-83-912840-3-2 , p. 50.
- Georg Dehio: Handbook of the art monuments, West and East Prussia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-422-03025-5 , p. 656.
Web links
- Portrait at ostpreussen.net
- Data at genealogy.net
- District Wiese at territorial.de
- Barzyna at google.de/maps
Coordinates: 53 ° 59 ′ N , 19 ° 34 ′ E