Batrachedridae
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| Heinemann & Wocke , 1876 |
The Batrachedridae are a family of butterflies .
features
The representatives of the Batrachedridae reach a wingspan of 10 to 15 millimeters. The antennae are about as long as the forewings, the basal antennae ( scapus ) is short and has a single bristle. The eyes are moderate, ocelles are absent. The labial palps are quite long, curved upwards and not provided with tufts of hair or scales in front. The third segment is a little shorter than the second. The forewings are straight and have two conspicuous black points in the Kostalfold. The vein R 5 of the forewings is reduced, the veins M 1 and M 2 are inconspicuous at the base. The hind wings are very narrow and straight, the veins M 1 and M 2 are petiolate. There are only four wires on the outer edge. On the hind tibia there are a pair of spurs in front of the center of the tibia. The abdominal tergites II to VII have a pair of longitudinal rows of deeply embedded, special lanceolate scales.
The larvae are long, slender and cylindrical. They are yellow and have no secondary bristles. You are very agile.
The pupae have exposed labial palps and anterior femur . The abdominal segments IV to VI are movable. A cremaster tip is not formed, there are only small hooks on the tip of the abdomen.
The cocoons are spindle-shaped, double-walled and covered with caterpillar droppings and detritus .
distribution
The Batrachedridae family is not very species-rich, the areas with the greatest biodiversity are in America and the Afrotropic Islands . There are only 10 species in the Palearctic .
biology
The moths of the family are mainly tied to forest areas, sometimes they can also be found in parks or avenues. The larvae live in web galleries between or in the reproductive organs of plants. Larvae are mainly dicotyledonous plants, but also monocotyledons and conifers . In the tropics and subtropics , some species are considered pests on palm trees . Myrmecophilia has also been observed in exceptional cases . The moths are often found resting on tree trunks, where they show a conspicuous rest position. The front part of the body is erect and the front legs point backwards. If the moths are startled, they quickly run over the bark or jump away. The moths willingly come to light .
Systematics
The Batrachedridae are a specialized group of butterflies that are characterized by two autapomorphies . The wings are extremely narrow, show a reduced veining and the moths have a very noticeable dormancy. Most of the genital features (with the exception of the sometimes very long aedeagus ) and the morphology of the head are rather plesiomorphic for the Gelechioidea . Various characteristics such as the unspecialized way of life of the caterpillars, the attachment of the caterpillars to the reproductive organs mainly of trees as well as the low biodiversity and the lack of a geographical center of diversity suggest that the Batrachedridae are a small, highly developed group of butterflies with special characteristics . The Batrachedridae are therefore treated as a monophyletic and easily demarcated family that is closely related to the Coleophoridae .
In Europe the family is represented by three types:
- Genus Batrachedra
- Batrachedra parvulipunctella Chrétien , 1915
- Batrachedra pinicolella ( Zeller , 1839)
- Batrachedra praeangusta ( Haworth , 1828)
supporting documents
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d J. C. Koster, S. Yu. Sinev: Momphidae, Batrachedridae, Stathmopodidae, Agonoxenidae, Cosmopterigidae, Chrysopeleiidae . In: P. Huemer, O. Karsholt, L. Lyneborg (eds.): Microlepidoptera of Europe . 1st edition. tape 5 . Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2003, ISBN 87-88757-66-8 , pp. 51 (English).
- ↑ Batrachedridae in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved August 15, 2011
