Construction industry
The construction industry (also the construction industry ) is an industry that provides planning, execution services and changes to buildings . The main sponsors of the construction industry are the construction companies in the various trades . The building materials industry , building authorities, building research institutes and property development companies are not part of the construction industry . The construction industry plays an important role in the overall economy.
Classification according to the Federal Statistical Office
The following classification does not correspond to the statistical systematics of the economic sectors in the European Community, which is regulated by EU regulations. However, it is still widely used and is also part of various German legal provisions. So divided u. a. the Federal Statistical Office divides the construction industry into the following groups:
- Construction
- Companies that are attributed to the construction industry, deal mainly with the execution of structural work in construction and civil engineering , as well as the road . In Germany there is a legal definition of the main construction trade in Section 1 (2) of the Construction Companies Ordinance.
- Finishing trades
- The finishing trades (including construction ancillary trades) include all trades that deal with the finishing of buildings. These are, for example: stove and air heating fitters, tile, slab and mosaic layers, plasterers , screed layers, parquet layers, plumbers, roller shutter and sun protection technicians, plumbers and heating engineers, interior decorators, electrical engineers, painters and varnishers and upholsterers as well as building fitters and carpenters .
Classification according to NACE
The classification of the construction industry was structured in 1996 in the course of the systematisation and harmonization of economic sectors in the European Community by the statistical classification of economic sectors in the European Community (NACE) . In 2008 the structure received its last revision for the time being. Department F, which is relevant for the construction industry, is divided into three sub-departments. The following sub-divisions are named in the classification:
- 41 Building construction
- This department includes the construction of all kinds of buildings. This includes new construction, repairs, extensions and conversions, the construction of prefabricated buildings or structures on the construction site as well as temporary buildings.
- 42 Civil engineering
- This department includes civil engineering. This includes new construction, repairs, extensions and conversions, the erection of prefabricated structures on the construction site as well as temporary structures.
- 43 Preparatory construction site work, construction installation and other finishing trades
- This department includes specialized civil engineering, i.e. the implementation of partial work on structural and civil engineering or the corresponding preparatory work. In general, these are specialized activities that require special skills or equipment. This includes activities such as pile foundations, foundation work, shell construction, concrete construction, masonry work, paving work, scaffolding, roofing, etc. The erection of steel structures is also included, provided that the individual parts are not made by the same unit. The specialized civil engineering works are usually carried out by subcontractors, but the corresponding repair work in particular is carried out directly for the owner. This department also includes the installation of all types of supply technology systems that are required for the use of a building. These activities are mostly carried out on the construction site, but sometimes a factory prefabrication also takes place. This includes activities such as the installation of gas, water, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, antennas, alarm systems and other electrical systems, sprinkler systems, elevators, escalators, etc. Furthermore, this includes sealing work against water, heat and sound insulation, sheet metal work, Installation of refrigeration systems for commercial use, installation of lighting and signaling systems for roads, railways, airports, ports, etc. Also includes the relevant repair work. Other expansion includes activities that are necessary for the expansion and completion of a building. This includes glazing work, plastering work, painting and decorating work, laying floor coverings such as tiles, parquet, carpeting, etc. or cladding walls with materials such as tiles, wallpaper, etc., sanding floors, carpentry, acoustic work, facade cleaning, etc. Also includes those appropriate repair work.
Differentiation: craft and industry
Various German associations and chambers such as the Main Association of the German Construction Industry , the Central Association of German Crafts (ZDH), the Central Association of the German Building Industry or the Federal Association of German Industry eV (BDI) subdivide the construction industry into the construction industry , craft businesses that are members at least a Chamber of Crafts , and the construction industry , medium-sized and large companies that are members of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry . The construction industry includes, for example, the building materials, stone and earth industries. The associations represent u. a. lobbying for the interests of their members.
The interests of the employees are represented for industry and trade by the industrial union Bauen-Agrar-Umwelt (IG BAU) in Frankfurt am Main.
Working group
In 1986 the working group of professors for construction industry, construction operations and construction process engineering (BBB) at the German-speaking technical universities and technical colleges in Germany, Austria and Switzerland was founded by Claus Jürgen Diederichs . He headed the working group until 2004.
Industry figures
In May 2015 the following figures for 2014 were published in Germany and forecasts for 2015 were given.
| category | Absolute values (2014) | Change over previous year | Forecast 2015 change from 2014 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Residential sales | 29.3 billion euros | +5.5% | + 2.0% |
| Commercial construction sales | 27.7 billion euros | + 4.8% | +1.5% |
| Public construction sales | 21.3 billion euros | +1.6% | + 2.5% |
| Total sales | 78.3 billion euros | + 4.2% | + 2.0% |
| Employees | 760,000 | + 0.5% |
Of the total number of employees in the construction industry, 11.8% were workers with a foreign passport, a change of 10.3% compared to 2013. For residential construction, the figures for 2014 are a change compared to 2013. 130,000 (units) apartment buildings (+9 %) and 107,000 single and two-family houses (+ 2.2%) approved. The estimated annual demand for housing is estimated at 272,000, leaving a gap of 35,000 housing between construction and demand. The forecast from 2015 can probably be continued in the course of widespread influx in the following years. The total number of reports on public and private construction projects increased by 28.5% from 248,739 in 2018 to 319,607 in 2019.
In 2011, the companies in the German construction industry achieved a turnover of 106.99 billion euros. In 2018 it was already around 127 billion euros. Around 17,000 new businesses were founded in 2012. As of June 30, 2012, 9.5 percent of employees subject to social insurance contributions in the main German construction trade were women. In 2013 there were 2.48 million people in employment whose place of work was in Germany.
Web links
- Construction industry data from the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development
- Construction company regulation
- Federal Statistical Office (Destatis) - subject area building and articles from the journal "Wirtschaft und Statistik" . Retrieved January 24, 2018
- Key data on the construction industry in Austria
- Statistics on the building and housing sector in Switzerland
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- ↑ Regulation (EEC) No. 3037/90 of the Council of October 9, 1990 on the statistical classification of economic sectors in the European Community. In: eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved June 15, 2020 .
- ↑ Information on the surveys of the construction industry. In: destatis.de. Federal Statistical Office, accessed on June 15, 2020 .
- ↑ Eurostat - RAMON - Nomenclature Detail View - Code: F. In: ec.europa.eu. Reference And Management Of Nomenclatures, accessed June 15, 2020 .
- ↑ Eurostat - RAMON - Nomenclature Detail View - Code: 41. In: ec.europa.eu. Reference And Management Of Nomenclatures, accessed June 15, 2020 .
- ↑ Eurostat - RAMON - Nomenclature Detail View - Code: 42. In: ec.europa.eu. Reference And Management Of Nomenclatures, accessed June 15, 2020 .
- ↑ Eurostat - RAMON - Nomenclature Detail View - Code: 43. In: ec.europa.eu. Reference And Management Of Nomenclatures, accessed June 15, 2020 .
- ↑ according to VDI-nachrichten No. 22, May 29, 2015, Technology & Economy, page 23
- ↑ Compared to 2013
- ↑ Building Radar: Bau-Report 2019. In: buildingradar.com. March 23, 2020, accessed June 8, 2020 .
- ↑ Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy: Construction Industry. Retrieved February 17, 2020 .