Tree Aralie
| Tree Aralie | ||||||||||||
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Lobed leaves of Kalopanax septemlobus |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Kalopanax | ||||||||||||
| Miq. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Kalopanax septemlobus | ||||||||||||
| ( Thunb. ) Koidz. |
The tree aralia ( Kalopanax septemlobus ) is the only plant species of the monotypic genus Kalopanax from the family of the Araliaceae . The common name "tree aralia" refers primarily to its use as an ornamental plant , another common name is tree root , which is mainly used as a medicinal plant; In connection with the wood, Sen (tree) or Senesche is used.
Occurrence
The natural range is in East Asia: Eastern People's Republic of China and Russia , Japan and Korea . The tree grows in forests at altitudes from sea level to 2500 m. In some countries this species is an invasive plant .
description
The tree aralia is a deciduous tree that reaches heights of up to 30 m and trunk diameter of 1 m (in Central Europe, however, it usually remains significantly smaller). The trunk and branches have spines .
The large leaves have petioles that are 8 to 50 cm long. The (maple-like) leaf blade is 9 to 25 cm (sometimes 35 cm) wide and five- to seven-lobed (from which the species name septemlobus is derived), the indentation can be very different in depth. The leaf margins are serrated. The stipules are fused with the petiole.
The terminal, branched, 20 to 30 cm wide inflorescence is composed of doldigen partial inflorescences , which have a diameter of 1 to 2.5 cm. The hermaphrodite, radially symmetrical , five-fold flowers appear in summer. Sepals are absent. The five petals are whitish to yellowish-green. There is only one circle with five stamens . Two carpels have become an under constant ovary grown.
The drupes are dark blue (almost black) and 3 to 5 mm in diameter. The seeds are flat.
Taxonomy
The botanical genus name Kalopanax means: Kalo = beautiful and Panax = panacea. Septemlobus refers to the leaf shape and means seven-lobed.
There are a large number of synonyms : Acer septemlobum Thunb. Acanthopanax ricinifolius (Siebold & Zuccarini) seaman , Acanthopanax ricinifolius var. Maximowiczii ( Van Houtte ) CKSchneider , Acanthopanax septemlobus (Thunb.) Koidzumi ex Rehder , Acanthopanax septemlobus var. Magnificus (Zabel ) WCCheng , Acanthopanax septemlobus var. maximowiczii (Van Houtte) WCCheng , Acer pictum Thunb. , Aralia maximowiczii Van Houtte , Kalopanax pictus (Thunb.) Nakai , Kalopanax pictus var. Magnificus (Zabel) Nakai , Kalopanax pictus f. maximowiczii (Van Houtte) H.Hara , Kalopanax pictus var. maximowiczii (Van Houtte) HLLi , Kalopanax ricinifolius (Siebold & Zuccarini) Miquel , Kalopanax ricinifolius var. chinensis Nakai , Kalopanax ricinifolius var. magnificus Zabel , Kalopanax ricinifolius var. maximowiczii (Van Houtte) Nakai , Kalopanax septemlobus var. Magnificus (Zabel) Handel-Mazzetti , Kalopanax septemlobus f. maximowiczii (Van Houtte) H.Ohashi , Kalopanax septemlobus var. maximowiczii (Van Houtte) Handel-Mazzetti , Panax ricinifolius Siebold & Zuccarini .
Systematics
One can distinguish between two subspecies and one form:
- Kalopanax septemlobus subsp. septemlobus : It occurs in Japan, Korea, China and in Far Eastern Russia.
- Kalopanax septemlobus subsp. lutchuensis (Nakai) H.Ohashi : It occurs on Kyushu and on the Nansei Islands .
- Kalopanax septemlobus f. maximowiczii (Van Houtte) H.Ohashi : It occurs in northern and central Japan, Korea and northern China.
use
This hardy tree is occasionally planted in gardens and parks in the temperate latitudes, with the form Kalopanax septemlobus f. maximowiczii is used, which is characterized by particularly deeply lobed leaves.
There are also medicinal uses. The bark is said to have a fungicidal effect and is used in Korea as a versatile medicine. Tea made from the leaves, roots and broth of the wood are also used as remedies.
The bark and leaves are also used as an insecticide .
Wood
The whitish-pale wood of the Sen with its straight grain and the ring-pored structure is very similar to ash wood . This is why the wood is sometimes offered under the name "Senesche", although the two tree species are not related. However, mustard wood is around 20% lighter and significantly softer than ash.
The wood is easy to saw and work on. The smooth surface is easy to achieve, making it ideal for visually appealing veneers . The resistance is low compared to ash. It tears easily when it dries (strong shrinkage) or when nails are driven in.
The small supply of mustard wood on the international market comes largely from Japan and is largely limited to veneers and plywood . All over Europe, Sen is mainly used in the manufacture of bedroom furniture. In Japan itself, Sen is widely used for furniture, wall coverings, carvings, pianos , baseball bats and all kinds of everyday and decorative objects. Further trade names are Haragiri, Harigiri, Sen-noki or Ts-Tsin .
More pictures
Branch with thorns and petiole with overgrown stipules
Branched inflorescence, cutout
Golden partial inflorescence
swell
- Kalopanax septemlobus in the Flora of China.
- Paula M. Pijut: Kalopanax septemlobus. In: Franklin T. Bonner, Robert P. Karrfalt (Ed.): The woody plant seed manual. United States Deptartmant of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington DC 2008, ISBN 0-16-081131-7 ([books.google.de/books?id=ZnBRmdUU_3UC&pg=PA618 Google books])
Web links
- Kalopanax septemlobus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- Kalopanax septemlobus at Plants For A Future
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Kalopanax - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on April 29, 2018.
- ↑ Wood ABC: Sen. GD Holz - The Association for the Wood Trade, accessed on May 28, 2016 .
- ↑ The great book of wood (special edition) . Nikol Verlag, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-933203-69-4 , p. 230 (English: The International Book of Wood . Millers Publishing, Kent 1976. Translated by Jürgen Schwab, Ed .: Mitchell Beazley).