Building materials science
The Materials Science (also construction materials teaching ) is concerned with the for structures used natural materials wood , reed, rocks and clays or synthetic materials such as concrete , steel , masonry , glass , aluminum and plastics . The examination and testing of building materials must be carried out by qualified personnel. In Austria, for example, there is the profession of building materials specialist , in Germany that of building materials inspector . Building material laboratories are usually affiliated with universities. In the civil engineering faculties there is usually an institute for building materials science .
The counterpart to building materials science in construction is materials science in mechanical engineering . Building physics and building chemistry are closely related to building materials science .
content
In building materials science, the properties of building materials are researched and taught, especially their strength , but also their specific masses, their deformability , thermal conductivity and storage properties , fire behavior , sound insulation properties , water permeability , etc.
For these purposes, the properties of the building materials are checked by building material testers in laboratories. When evaluating the data obtained with the help of measurement technology , statistical methods are used. The results are very often found in DIN standards, which regulate the use of building materials in construction.
Natural building materials are used as they are found in nature. They include, for example, natural stone, wood and clay . Artificial building materials are made from raw materials. Artificial building materials include, for example, concrete, structural steel, brick , glass and plastics. The most important artificial building material - also for building material science - is concrete today. It occupies the most extensive space in building material testing and also in the DIN standards. A wide variety of concrete properties can be achieved in the production of concrete.
Famous pepole
Important building materials experts were:
- Johann Bauschinger (1834–1893) - materials science, materials testing, Bauschinger effect
- Ludwig von Tetmajer (1850–1905) - materials testing and research, founder of the Federal Materials Testing and Research Institute (Empa)
- August Wöhler (1819–1914) - Wöhler experiment (Wöhler line)
- Friedrich August Finger (1885–1961) - Building Materials Science, founder of the FA Finger Institute for Building Materials Science at the Bauhaus University Weimar
- Hans Kühl (1879–1969) - building materials science, pioneer of cement chemistry
- Kurt Walz (1904–1999) - Concrete construction, first scientific work on the relationship between concrete strength and water / cement value
literature
- Günter Neroth, Dieter Vollenschaar: Wendehorst building materials science . 27., revised. Edition. Vieweg + Teubner, 2011, ISBN 978-3-8351-0225-5 .
- Silvia Weber among others: Building materials science . 10., rework. Edition. Vogel reference book, 2012, ISBN 978-3-8343-3250-9 .