building-costs

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Construction costs are the costs incurred by the client for the construction planning ( architecture and structural engineering ) and during the construction period of a construction project through its construction .

General

Construction costs consist of the costs for the structure (called pure construction costs ) as well as the costs for outdoor facilities and other costs ( called ancillary construction costs ). Construction costs usually represent a significant financial investment for economic entities, which can mean a financial risk . The financial risk consists - with the given financing - in the unexpected increase in the planned construction costs and an unexpected extension of the construction period. Factors influencing costs are in particular construction equipment ( rent or leasing ), building materials , energy costs , personnel costs and the construction time. The latter can become a significant cost factor if unexpected delays in construction time not only increase construction costs but also lending rates for construction financing .

Legal issues

The term construction costs has not been used in DIN 276 since September 1971 . In August 2005, the Building Standards Committee presented a draft of a revised edition of DIN 276-1 to the public for review and comment. The title of the standard will then be called Costs in Construction. This is intended to open up the standard to other areas of construction (civil engineering, traffic engineering) as well as building construction .

The Second Calculation Ordinance (II. BV), on the other hand, knows the legal term construction costs. According to this, construction costs are the costs of the buildings, the costs of the outdoor facilities, the ancillary construction costs, the costs of special operating facilities as well as the costs of the device and other economic equipment ( § 5 Paragraph 3 II. BV).

total cost

The total costs of a building are divided into a total of 8 cost groups according to DIN 276. They correspond to the construction costs, including the costs of purchasing the land.

Cost groups

According to DIN 276 (costs in construction), the total costs are divided into the following cost groups :

Cost groups
100 Property
200 Preparatory actions
300 Building - building structures
400 Building - technical systems
500 Outdoor facilities and open spaces
600 Equipment and works of art
700 Building costs
800 financing

The three-digit numbering of the cost groups allows you to define the cost more precisely by adding subgroups (levels).

Property costs

In addition to the actual property value, property costs also include ancillary property costs such as real estate transfer tax (3.5%), broker's commission (up to 3.6%) and the costs for a notary who takes on the registration of the land charge (approx. 1.5% of the Property value). Demolition measures, however, fall under cost group 200 (preparatory measures).

Building costs

Construction costs are DIN 276: 2018-12 - Building costs from the cost of the cost groups:

  • 300 building - building structures and
  • 400 building - technical systems.

Manufacturing costs

The term production costs is not used in DIN 276, but is still common. In general, the construction costs are meant. They are therefore made up of the costs of general construction work, structural work and finishing work. The general construction work includes the construction site equipment, demolition work, rubble and rubble removal, unusual foundations, work outside the building, outdoor facilities, development work. Structural work are all constructive work such. B. the earthwork, masonry, concrete, carpentry and insulation work, as well as the cover, lightning protection systems and internal sewerage. As a finishing work is any other work to completion, that is formwork, plaster, cladding, interior walls, floors and floor structures, as well as conditioning systems , which are captured in charge group 400th The term is particularly problematic because it is unclear whether the cost groups 200 (preparatory measures) and 500 (outdoor facilities and open spaces ^) should also be added.

Building costs

The ancillary construction costs (cost group 700 according to DIN 276), also regulated in Section 22 (2) WertV, include:

There may be deviations in detail between the two regulations.

The ancillary construction costs are therefore the costs that occur in addition to the “actual” construction costs and costs for the property , for planning and executing the construction project.

As a rule, around 15–20% of the determined construction costs can be used as ancillary construction costs for the construction of a structure. More details include B. the NHK 2000 and other empirical evaluations.

The ancillary construction costs should not be confused with the ancillary purchase costs. The ancillary purchase costs are incurred when acquiring the property including its real estate components, regardless of whether you build after the acquisition or not. The ancillary purchase costs consist of the real estate transfer tax, notary fees, fees for the entry in the land register and brokerage commissions and amount to a total of around 5–13% of the acquisition costs. Under certain circumstances (inheritance, donation, no broker ...) the additional purchase costs can also be lower.

housing

When building single-family houses, construction costs of at least € 1,800 per square meter are expected. With a good standard one can assume a rough average value of 2500 € without a basement or 3000 € with a basement.

Exceeding construction costs

The considerable excess of construction costs z. B. through incorrect calculation, can lead to economic ruin for private individuals or companies. It can also lead to the fact that structures either cannot be completed as planned, or the construction project is not completed due to the cost overrun - which is then also called “ investment ruin ”. In the case of public buildings, building cost overruns often lead to public discussions.

Some particularly striking "cost explosions" are listed here:

See also

literature

  • Dietrich-Alexander Möller: Basics of economic building planning . Planning and Building Economics Volume 1 . R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich / Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-486-58171-3 .

Web links

Wikibooks: Levels and Methods of Costing  - Learning and Teaching Materials

Individual evidence

  1. Land costs. October 22, 2015, accessed July 24, 2019 .
  2. Incidental purchase costs
  3. ^ Albert Ringlstetter: Building costs , In: Ringlstetter-zh.de
  4. Calculation software for construction costs. Retrieved April 2, 2019 .
  5. press report hasepost.de